粒细胞集落刺激因子是一种骨髓干细胞动员剂，目前临床主要用于预防和治疗肿瘤放疗或化疗后引起的白 细胞减少症。越来越多的证据表明，粒细胞集落刺激因子通过多种信号通路对中枢神经系统有着重要的保护功能。动物 实验显示，粒细胞集落刺激因子可通过抗凋亡、抗炎、稳定血脑屏障、抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、促进神经血管再生及 动员造血干细胞等多种机制的共同作用，在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中发挥脑保护的作用。文章综述了粒细胞集落刺激因 子在治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病中的信号传导通路、脑保护机制，以及粒细胞集落刺激因子联合其他药物治疗新生儿缺 氧缺血性脑病的方法。

　Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is an activator of bone marrow stem cells and is currently mainly used to prevent and treat leukopenia caused by radiotherapy or chemotherapy of tumors. Now there is increasing evidence that granulocyte colony-stimulating factors exert important neuroprotective functions to the central nervous system through a variety of signaling pathways. In animal experiments, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has been shown to play a protective role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by anti-apoptotic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, stabilizing blood-brain barrier, inhibiting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, promoting neurovascular regeneration and mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells. This paper reviews the signaling pathway and brain protective mechanism of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the methods of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor combined with other drugs in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.