近年来，人口老龄化和人口负增长正在全球范围内发生，导致包括劳动力萎缩、经济增长缓慢、公共财政支出增加、医疗负担加重等一系列经济社会问题。因此，保障儿童早期健康发展，提升人口素质是我国构建人口发展新格局的基础性条件。自20世纪70年代起，关注胎儿宫内健康逐渐成为医学界的共识。宫内儿科学作为一门新兴的交叉学科，以发育源性疾病防治为目的，关注疾病早期预防、筛查、诊断及治疗，实现从受精卵开始序贯至儿童青少年乃至全生命周期的健康管理理念，强调儿童生命早期健康管理的全过程和一致性。宫内儿科学的兴起与发展，将为构建全生命周期的管理体系打下基础。

In recent years, population aging and negative population growth are occurring globally, leading to a series of economic and social problems including a shrinking labor force, slow economic growth, increasing public finance spending and medical burden. Therefore, ensuring healthy early childhood development and improving population quality are fundamental conditions for building a new pattern of population development in China. Since the 1970s, it has gradually become a consensus in the medical field to pay attention to the intrauterine health of the fetus. As an emerging interdisciplinary discipline, intrauterine pediatrics focuses on prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of developmental origin, and realizes the concept of health management from the fertilized egg to the whole life cycle of children and adolescents, emphasizing the whole process and consistency of health management in early life. The rise and development of intrauterine pediatrics will lay the foundation for building a management system for the whole life health care cycle.