Abstract: 　Objective　To study the differences in pathogen, antimicrobial resistance between children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and nephrotic syndrome (NS) accompanied by UTI. Methods The clinical data and the results of midstream urine culture were collected and analyzed from children with UTI and NS accompanied by UTI. Results Among 44 UTI children and 52 NS children accompanied by UTI, there were 35 (79.55%) and 31 (59.62%) children had symptoms, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Forty-four pathoge- nic strains and 53 pathogenic strains were isolated from blood samples obtained from 44 UTI children and from 52 NS children accompanied by UTI, respectively. Escherichia coli was the dominant bacterial community in both UTI children and NS children accompanied by UTI, and the difference in isolation rate between two groups was not significant (P>0.05). However, the cocci isolation rate in UTI children (15.91% ) was significantly lower than that in NS children accompanied by UTI (33.96%) (P<0.05). The drug resistance of Escherichia coli was high isolated from both UTI children and NS children accompanied by UTI. Conclusions Compared with UTI children, the clinical manifestations of NS children accompanied by UTI were not typical. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was common and gram-negative bacilli were the dominant pathogenic bacteria with high antimicrobial resistance in NS children accompanied by UTI. The infection rate of gram-positive cocci was increased. So prior to the results of urine culture, the antibiotics with enzyme depressor should be chosen first.#br#Key words:　 urinary tract infection;　nephrology syndrome;　pathogen;　anti-microbial resistance