Abstract: 　Objective　To compare the effect of three types of lipid emulsions on the IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Methods One hundred young SD rats were divided into control， LPS， ω-6， ω-9 and ω-3 group. Age 29 days, the control group were intravenously injected with saline, ω-6 group injected lipid emusion (C14-24), ω-9 group injected long chain fat emusion, ω-3 group injected fish oil fat emusion. Then the control group followed by intratracheal instillation of saline, and the reamining four groups were sprayed with LPS. Pathologic changes in lung tissue section were observed. The expression levels of IL-1β mRNA and IL-6 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR， and the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immune-specific assay. Results Infiltration and bleeding were observed in lung tissue under light microscopy in ALI rats. The lung indexes and pathological scores of ALI model groups were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.005). The expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in groups ω-9 and ω-3 were significantly higher than those in groups LPS and ω-6 (P<0.005). The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in BALF in groups ω-9 and ω-3 were significantly higher than those in groups LPS and ω-6 (P<0.005). There was no significant difference (P>0.005) of the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA between ω-9 and ω-3 group. Conclusions ω-6 PUFAs can accentuate inflammation by up-regulating the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 while ω-9 PUFAs and ω-3 PUFAs can relieve inflammation by down-regulating the levels of IL-1β and IL-6.