Table of Content

15 July 2016 Volume 34 Issue 7

  

Clinical research of heart rate variability and deceleration capacity in children with idiopathic ventricular premature contraction

WANG Wenjuan, WEN Hongxia, CAO Xiaoxiao, ZHANG Jingyang, QIU Mei, LI Si, YI Lanfen, WANG Chongliang, WU Hui

. 2016, 34(7):  481.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.001

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Objective To explore the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and deceleration capacity (DC) in children with idiopathic ventricular premature contraction of different origins. Methods The clinical data from 155 children with idiopathic ventricular premature contraction were retrospectively analyzed. According to the age, the children were divided into young children group (< 3 years old), preschool age group (3-6 years old) and school age group (6-16 years old). Each group was divided into the right ventricular type group and the left ventricular type group respectively according to the origin site. The differences of HRV and DC were compared among groups. Results Among three different age groups, the DC and time domain of HRV were significantly different (P all < 0.05). In young children group, RMSSD, HF, LF/HF, DC, and PNN50 were statistically different between right ventricular type group and left ventricular type group (P all < 0.05). In preschool age group, RMSSD, LF, HF, LF/HF, and DC were statistically different between right ventricular type group and left ventricular type group (P all < 0.05). In school age group, the RMSSD, HF, LF/HF, and DC were statistically different between right ventricular type group and left ventricular type group (P all < 0.05). Conclusions Children with idiopathic ventricular premature contraction have impaired regulations of cardiac autonomic system which mainly manifests as reduced tension of vagus nerve. Ventricular premature contraction originated from ventricle preponderance (young children and preschool children are right preponderance while school children are left preponderance) increases the risk of malignant arrhythmia.

The significance of heart rate variability analysis in children with congenital heart disease combined with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

PENG Jing, WANG Ruigeng, LIU Lin, SUN Dongming, LONG Yuan

. 2016, 34(7):  486.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.002

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Objective To explore the function of autonomic nerves system in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) combined with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). Methods Fifty children having PSVT and no CHD (PSVT group), 30 children with both PSVT and CHD (CHD group), and 50 cases of healthy children (control group) were selected. The difference of 24-hour heart rate variability (HRV) among three groups was analyzed retrospectively. Results There were statistical differences in the long-range time domain HRV indexes, including SDNN, SDANN, SDNN Index, pNN50, and RMSSD among three groups (F=80.32- 263.18, P all < 0.01). The SDNN, pNN50, and RMSSD in PSVT group were significantly decreased compared with control group (P all < 0.05), and the SDANN and SDNN Index in PSVT group were decreased but the difference was not statistically significant compared with control group (P all > 0.05). The SDNN, SDANN, SDNN Index, pNN50, and RMSSD were significantly decreased in CHD group compared with PSVT group (P all < 0.05). Conclusions Children with PSVT have the imbalanced autonomic nerves system which mainly manifests as decreased vagal function, and, if combined with CHD, have the increase of sympathetic nerve tension.

The correlation between mutations in the promoter region of TBX1 gene and conotruncal heart defects

HONG Nanchao, ZHANG Erge, XU Yuejuan, XU Rang, CHEN Sun, LI Fen, SUN Kun

. 2016, 34(7):  489.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.003

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Objective To explore the correlation between mutations in the promoter region of TBX1 gene and conotruncal heart defects. Methods A total of 621 children with conotruncal heart defects were recruited. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the copy numbers of chromosomal region 22q11.2. Children with 22q11.2 deletion were excluded. Polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) and gene sequencing were applied to analyze promoter region of TBX1 (-2000..+1) in 605 children with conotruncal heart defects without 22q11.2 deletion and 588 healthy children. Bioinformatics software was used to predict and analyze the function of the variable loci. Results There were mutations in the promoter region of TBX1 gene in children with conotruncal heart defects, including 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) sites and 7 rare loci. The incidence of mutation was 1.7%. The analysis of 7 rare loci by AliBaba 2.1 to showed that 3 of them may influence the combination of trans-acting factors and cis-acting elements of the promoter of TBX1 gene. Conclusion The mutation in the TBX1 promoter region may be related to the occurrence of conotruncal heart defects.

Analysis of sterile pyuria in patients with Kawasaki disease

ZHAO Xiaopei, XIAO Tingting, XIE Lijian, SHEN Jie

. 2016, 34(7):  494.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.004

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Objectives To explore the clinical features and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) combined with sterile pyuria. Methods A total of 420 patients diagnosed of KD were recruited and divided into pyuria group (95 patients) and control group (325 patients) according to urine routine examination on admission. The clinical data between the two groups were compared. Results There was no difference in gender, age, and the incidence of atypical KD (P all > 0.05). The levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer concentrations, fibrinogen degradation products, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urine retinol binding protein were higher in pyuria group than those in control group (all P > 0.05). No difference was found in the duration of fever before admission between two groups (P > 0.05). However, pyuria group had longer duration of fever after treatment with immunoglobulin (P < 0.05). There was no difference in coronary artery lesions and non-response in the first dose of immunoglobulin treatment between two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The morbidity of sterile pyuria in KD patients was 22.6%. KD patients with sterile pyuria have more intense inflammatory response, markedly high coagulation condition, and mild or subclinical renal damage.

Variation and clinical significance of serum galectin-3 in children with chronic heart failure

FENG Song, AN Jindou, LI Binglu, GE Wei

. 2016, 34(7):  499.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.005

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Objective To explore the variation of serum galectin-3 and its correlation with ventricular remodeling in children with chronic cardiac failure (CHF). Methods Forty-five children with CHF were included and divided into cardiac function II group (n=10), III group (n=18), and IV group (n=17) according to the severity of CHF. The subjects were also divided into endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) group (n=21) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) group (n=24) according to primary disease. Thirty health children were included as control group. The level of serum galectin-3 was detected by ELISA. The level of serum NT-pro BNP was  measured by radio immunoassay. The index of ventricular remodeling was detected by ultrasonic cardiogram. The correlation of the level of serum galectin-3 with ventricular remodeling and the level of serum NT-pro BNP were analyzed. Results In 45 children (19 males and 26 females) with CHF, the mean age was 3.42±1.89 years. The levels of serum galectin-3 and NT-pro BNP were higher in cardiac function II group, III group, and IV group than those in control group (all P < 0.05) and significant differences in the levels also existed between cardiac function II group, III group, and IV group (P all < 0.05). The level of serum galectin-3 was not different between EFE group and DCM group (P > 0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum galectin-3 was positively correlated with the left ventricular end diastolic diameter, the left ventricular mass, the left ventricular mass fraction, and the level of serum NT-pro BNP (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile the level of serum galectin-3 was negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular fractional shortening (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum galectin-3 may be helpful in clinical diagnosis and assessment of CHF in children.

The difference of airway malformation between double aortic arch and pulmonary artery sling in children

LI Shuhua, ZHANG Mingjie, CHEN Xinxin, XIA Yuansheng, LIU Techang

. 2016, 34(7):  503.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.006

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Objective To evaluate the difference of tracheobronchial stenosis and airway malformation between double aortic arches and pulmonary artery sling in children. Methods Clinical feature and imaging data of spiral CT were retrospectively analyzed in children with double aortic arches or pulmonary artery sling who was hospitalized from July 2010 to July 2015. Results There were 16 children (11 males and 5 females) with double aortic arches whose median age at onset was 3.5 months old. There were 47 children (28 males and 19 females) with pulmonary artery sling whose median age at onset was 4-month-old. In these 16 cases of double aortic arches, 14 cases were coupled with tracheobronchial stenosis. Two cases had more than one segment involved and they were segments II or III. Twelve cases had only one segment involved. Different degrees of tracheobronchial stenosis occurred in 47 cases of pulmonary artery sling, among whom 27 cases had more than one segment involved and the common segment was II and III (19 cases). Two cases had four segments involved and 20 cases had only one segment involved. There was statistical significance in the number of involved segments between children with double aortic arches and pulmonary artery sling (χ2=13.588, P=0.001). In 16 cases of double aortic arches, one case was combined with tracheal bronchus, and 1 case was combined with pulmonary hypoplasia. In 47 cases of pulmonary artery sling, 8 cases were combined with bridging bronchus, 3 cases combined with tracheal bronchus, 3 cases combined with pulmonary hypoplasia, 5 cases combined with bronchial deficiency or tracheal diverticula, and 2 cases combined with bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. There was statistical significance in the number of cases combined with airway malformation between children with double aortic arches or pulmonary artery sling (χ2=5.333, P=0.021). Conclusions The tracheobronchial stenosis and pulmonary airway abnormalities are more prominent in children with pulmonary artery sling than those in children with double aortic arch.

Clinical analysis of the risk factors of intracranial hemorrhage in 485 full-term small for gestational age infants

ZHANG Zhi, LU Jiangyi, LI Luquan

. 2016, 34(7):  506.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.007

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Objective To explore the types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and its risk factors in full-term small
for gestational age (SGA) infants. Methods The clinical data of 485 full-term SGA infants were retrospectively analyzed. Perinatal period factors, complications prior to diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage, cranial imaging examination, and behavioral neurological assessment were analyzed. Results In 485 cases of full-term SGA infants, there were 83 cases (17.1%) of ICH, in whom  68 cases (81.9%) had periventricular hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage with 15 cases (22.1%) of grade Ⅰ, 50 cases (73.5%) of grade Ⅱ, 1 case (1.5%) of grade Ⅲ and 2 cases (2.9%) of grade Ⅳ. The remaining 15 cases were mainly subarachnoid hemorrhage (60%, 9/15). Univariate analysis showed that the incidences of amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal scleredema and patent ductus arteriosus were higher in ICH infants than those in non-ICH infants (all P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal scleredema, and patent ductus arteriosus were the independent risk factors of ICH. Conclusions The types of ICH in full-term SGA infants was periventricular hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage. Amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal scleredema, and patent ductus arteriosus were the independent risk factors of ICH.

Analysis of pathogen characteristic and drug sensitivity of community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia in neonates

CHEN Hongyu, DENG Chun

. 2016, 34(7):  510.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.008

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Objectives To explore the pathogen characteristic and drug sensitivity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in neonates. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized neonates with pneumonia and positive sputum culture were retrospectively analyzed from January 2010 to December 2014. Results A total of 4383 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were detected from 3564 cases of neonatal with CAP, including 3584 strains of bacteria, 771 strains of virus, 7 strains of fungus, and 21 strains of atypical pathogen. Gram negative bacteria (3045 strains, 85%) were the dominant bacteria. The top three bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Respiratory syncytial virus (693 strains, 89.9%) was the dominant virus. A total of 424 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were detected from 344 cases of neonatal with HAP, including 402 strains of bacteria, 17 strains of fungus, and 5 strains of respiratory syncytial virus. Bacteria were all gram-negative bacterium and no gram-positive bacterium was found. The top three bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The positive rates of ESBLs in Gram-negative bacteria were 26.9% in neonates with CAP and 46.8% in neonates with HAP respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in both CAP and HAP were highly sensitive to amikacin and carbopenems. The sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae to common used antibacterial agents (except for amikacin and quinolones) in HAP was generally lower than CAP (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of Escherichia coli to common used antibacterial agents (except for amikacin, quinolones and carbapenems) in HAP was generally lower than CAP (P < 0.05). Moreover, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was found. Conclusions Gram-negative bacterium is the dominant pathogen in neonatal pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are dominant pathogens in CAP. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii are dominant pathogens in HAP. The enzyme-producing rate and drug resistance rate of pathogenic bacterium in HAP are generally higher than those in CAP, and there is a tendency of becoming multi-drug resistance.

The value of fecal high mobility group box-1 in early diagnosis and prediction of severity of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

LI Luquan, LUO Lijuan, LI Xin, LI Xiaowen, RAN Yalin

. 2016, 34(7):  515.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.009

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Objective To evaluate the value of fecal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in early diagnosis and prediction of the severity of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods From July 2013 to June 2015, the neonates who had distention, vomit, or gross blood in stool and were suspected of NEC were recruited as NEC group while hospitalized children without abdominal distension, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, or other gastrointestinal symptoms were recruited as the control group. Stool samples were collected on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after admission. The level of HMGB1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In the end, there were 46 cases in NEC group and 15 cases in control group. In NEC group, 29 cases were confirmed of stage Ⅰ of NEC by abdominal radiograph within 24 h after hospitalized, all of them were deteriorated to stage Ⅱ phase in 4 days, and 10 cases were deteriorated to stage Ⅲ . Seventeen cases were confirmed of stage Ⅱ by abdominal radiograph within 24 h after hospitalized, 7 cases were deteriorated to stage Ⅲ. In 17 stage Ⅲ cases, 11 cases received surgical treatment and 6 cases gave up. Eight cases survived and 3 died after surgery. The levels of HMGB1 in NEC group on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 after hospitalized were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). With the exacerbation of NEC from stage I to Ⅲ , the levels of HMGB1 increased gradually (P < 0.05). Conclusions With the exacerbation of NEC, the level of HMGB1 is gradually increased, which indicates that it has certain clinical value in early diagnosis and prediction of severity of NEC.

The investigation of urine iodine and blood TSH levels in 695 neonates and urine iodine level in their mothers in Yunnan province

GU Wanqian, ZHANG Chunhua, WANG Min, ZENG Fanqian, ZHANG Hongmei, ZHANG Li, Su Ying, SHEN Huan, NI Junxue

. 2016, 34(7):  519.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.010

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Objective To explore the levels of urine iodine in mothers and urine iodine and blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in their neonates, and the correlations. Methods A total of 695 pairs of mothers and their neonates were included. Urine sample of both mothers and newborns were collected and the levels of urine iodine were detected. Heel blood sample of newborns were collected and the levels of TSH were detected. Results The median urine iodine level in 695 mothers was 212.9 μg/L, among whom 163 case (34.39%) were iodine deficient (< 149 μg/L), 143 cases (20.58%) adequate ( ≥ 500 μg/L), 163 case (23.45%) more than adequate (250 ~ 499 μg/L) and 150 case excessive ( ≥ 500 μg/L). The median urine iodine level in neonates was 345.7 μg/L and was positively correlated with mothers’ (rs = 0.576, P < 0.001). The median TSH level in neonates were 3.24±1.75 mIU/L, among whom 88 cases (12.66%) were higher than 5 mIU/L. The TSH level and the proportion of neonates with TSH > 5 mIU/L in neonates whose mother were iodine deficient or excessive were higher than those in neonates whose mother were iodine adequate or more than adequate, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions The investigation found that the level of iodine in mothers was adequate, but there was still a high proportion of iodine deficiency or excess. The levels of urinary iodine in mothers were closely related to those in newborns. There is a high risk for mothers with iodine deficiency or excess to give birth to infants with higher level of TSH.

The NROB1 gene missense mutation causes congenital adrenal dysplasia: a case report

LIU Xiaojing, YANG Haihua, LI Chunzhi, CHEN Yongxing, WEI Haiyan

. 2016, 34(7):  522.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.011

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Objective To explore the clinical feature and diagnosis of the X linked adrenal hypoplasia congenital (X-AHC). Methods The clinical data and gene detection results of one case of AHC were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results Two-month-old male infant was suffered with slow weight gain, vomiting, and salt craving of adrenal insufficiency after birth. Gene detection found a new missense mutation on NROB1 gene. The diagnosis of X-AHC was confirmed. Conclusions X-AHC is a kind of rare disease and is diagnosed by clinical manifestation, laboratory testing, and NROB1 gene detection.

Clinical features and follow-up of 35 children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans

ZHOU Yanshan, LI Qubei

. 2016, 34(7):  526.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.012

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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in children. Methods Clinical data from 35 children diagnosed with PIBO were retrospectively analyzed from April 2010 to June 2015. The children were divided into different groups according to the length of glucocorticoid use, and the prognosis were compared. Results Thirty-five children all presented cough and wheezing. There were 12 cases in the group of less than one year of glucocorticoid treatment, 8 cases in the group of 1-2 years of glucocorticoid treatment, and 6 cases in the group of great than or equal to 2 years of glucocorticoid treatment. There was no significant difference in the prognosis among the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The overall prognosis is poor in children with PIBO, even if the symptoms are improved. Glucocorticoid is helpful to remiss the symptoms of cough and wheezing, but prolonged use have no significant effect on the prognosis.

Analysis of the non-bacteria pathogens of acute laryngitis in children

ZHANG Xinxing, GU Wenjing, CHEN Zhengrong, YAN Yongdong, WANG Yuqing, HUANG Li, WANG Meijuan, DONG Heting, SHAO Xuejun, JI Wei

. 2016, 34(7):  529.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.013

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Objective To explore the non-bacteria pathogens of acute laryngitis in children. Methods The clinical data and sputum sample were collected from 325 patients hospitalized due to acute laryngitis in consecutive 10 years from January 2006 to December 2015. The multiple non-bacteria pathogens were detected and analyzed with clinical data. Seven types of respiratory viruses were detected by direct immunofluorescence. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Boca virus (HBoV) were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were detected by RT-PCR. Venous blood was collected within 24 h after hospitalization and 7-10 d after treatment. The MP antibody of IgG and IgM were detected by ELISA. Results The detection rate of non-bacteria pathogens was 46.2% in 325 children with acute laryngitis (150/325), including 76 cases (23.4%) of virus and 99 cases (30.5%) of MP. Virus detection rate in 1-3 year old children was obviously higher than in 0-1 year old children and over 3 years old children (χ2 = 9.527, P = 0.009). With the increase of age, the detection rate of MP increased gradually (χ2 = 10.132, P = 0.006). The detection rates of RSV and hBoV were higher in under 3-year-old children. The detection rates of virus in winter and spring were significantly higher than those in summer and autumn (χ2 = 5.064, P = 0.024). The detection rates of MP in winter, spring, summer, and autumn was 13.1%, 25.0%, 38.2%, and 44.9% respectively, and the MP detection rates were increased gradually over seasons (χ2 = 4.438, P = 0.035). The detection rate of RSV was higher in winter, and hBoV was higher in summer. Conclusion Acute laryngitis mainly occurred in children under 3-years-old children, and the detected non-bacteria pathogens were different among different ages and seasons. Virus was the major pathogens in young children, while MP was more common in older children.

Pathogens distribution and drug resistance from cerebrospinal fluid culture from 2007 to 2014

WANG Hanbin, HUA Chunzhen, LI Jianping

. 2016, 34(7):  533.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.014

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Objective To explore the common pathogens distribution and the drug resistance pattern in vitro from cerebrospinal fluid culture in children. Methods The results of cerebrospinal fluid culture in hospitalized children from January 2007 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were assayed by Vitek system from Bio Mrieux Company. Some bacterial strains were tested by disk diffusion method. Results Cerebrospinal fluid from 23099 patients were tested at least one time during research period. 671 strains of bacteria were isolated with positive rate of 2.9%, among which there were 579 strains of gram positive bacteria (86.3%) and 92 strains of gram negative bacteria (13.7%). The top five bacteria were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (399 strains, 58.9%), Micrococcus (37 strains, 5.5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (34 strains, 5.1%), Escherichia coli (32 strains, 4.8%), and Enterococcus faecium (26 strains, 3.9%). The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid culture in 8 consecutive years showed a downward trend (χ2 = 10.410, P = 0.001). The positive rates of coagulase negative Staphylococci showed annual decline trend (χ2 = 31.200, P < 0.001). However, annual positive rates of Escherichia coli showed an upward trend (χ2 = 4.786, P = 0.029). The resistant rate of coagulase negative Staphylococcus to oxacillin was 79.8%, and no coagulase negative Staphylococcus resistant to linezolid and vancomycin was found. Micrococcus sensitive to vancomycin was 100%. The resistant rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 77.8%, while the sensitive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to vancomycin was 100%. The sensitive rate of Escherichia coli to piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenemwas 100%. Conclusions The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid culture is low. The main strains are coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium. The antibiotics should been rationally chosen according to the results of bacterial strain culture and drug sensitive test.

Effect of miR-200b on intestinal epithelial tight junction via MLCK/P-MLC signaling pathway

SHEN Yujie, ZHANG Cong, CHEN Yingwei

. 2016, 34(7):  538.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.015

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Objective To explore the impact and mechanism of miR-200b on intestinal epithelial tight junction. Methods The negative-lentivirus and human-miR-200b-lentivirus were employed to infect the Caco-2 cell thus establishing two stable cell lines which were then stimulated by 10 ng/mL human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to establish the model of the intestinal epithelial injury. Those Caco-2 cells were divided into NC, NC+TNF-α, 200b, and 200b+TNF-α groups.The tight junction permeability was detected by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FITCdextran). The protein alterations myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)/phosphorylated myosin light chain (P-MLC) pathways were measured by Western blot analysis. Results Compared to NC group, NC+TNF-α group had lower TEER, higher FITC-dextran, and up-regulated expressions of MLCK and P-MLC proteins (P < 0.05). Compared to NC+TNF-α group, 200b+TNF-α group had higher TEER, lower FITC-dextran and down-regulated expressions of MLCK and P-MLC proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-200b ameliorated TNF-α-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction disruption via regulation MLCK/P-MLC pathway.

Exploration of the regulation site of HIF-1α in Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats with status epilepticus

ZHUANG Yafei, ZHANG Lin, YUAN Baoqiang, DAI Yuanyuan, LI Rui

. 2016, 34(7):  542.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.016

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Objective To study the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and Notch signaling pathway downstream gene HES1 in the hippocampus of pubertal rats with status epilepsy (SE), and to explore the regulation site of HIF-1α in Notch signaling pathway. Methods One hundred and seventy-six 21-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group (NS group), pentetrazole (PTZ)-induced SE group (PTZ group), and Notch signaling pathway specific inhibitor (DAPT) intervention group (DAPT group). In PTZ group PTZ was intraperitoneally injected to build SE model and in NS group normal saline was injected as control. The intraperitoneal injection of diazepam was used to terminate SE seizures. After successful modeling, the bilateral hippocampuses were isolated after the rats were sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively, and RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of HES1 and HIF-1α. The Western Blot was performed to detect protein expression in hippocampuses which were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after successful modeling. DAPT group received intraperitoneal injection of DAPT 30 min before the start of molding, then the hippocampuses were isolated at 2 and 8 h after successful modeling. RT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of HES1 and HIF-1α at 2 h, and Western blot was performed to detect protein expression at 8 h. Results At each time point after SE, the expression of mRNA of HES1 and HIF-1α and the expression of protein were higher than the same time point of NS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the same time point of PTZ group, the mRNA expression of HES1 and HIF-1α and the expression of protein of DAPT group were obviously reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion HES1 gene may be the regulatory site of HIF-1 expression in Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus of puberty rats with SE.

The protective effect of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal injure in newborn rats with necrotizing enterocolitis

HE Yance, HE Xiangying, HUANG Yongkun, XIAO Qunwen, LI Qi, ZENG Jie, ZHANG Caiying

. 2016, 34(7):  547.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.017

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Objective To explore the influence of Clostridium butyricum on the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and tight junction protein claudin-2 in intestinal tissue in newborn rat with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods Forty-eight-hour-old Sprague-Dewley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model group, control group, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group, 12 rats each. Rats in each group were fed with milk substitute. The NEC model were created by hypoxia and cold stimulation for 3 consecutive days in model group, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group. Meanwhile, low-dose group, mid-dose group, and high-dose group were intervened by being fed with Clostridium butyricum 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/(kg·d), respectively. All rats in each group were sacrificed  on day 4 and the intestines tissue was obtained. The pathological changes had been observed. The expression of VEGF, PCNA, and claudin-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of VEGFR-2 was detected by RT-PCR. Results The intestines pathological scores was significantly different among five groups (P < 0.05) with the scores being higher in model group than in lowdose group, mid-dose group, high-dose, group and control group, and being higher in all intervention groups than in control group (P all < 0.05). The expressions of VEGF, VEGFR-2, and claudin-2 in model group were higher than those in all intervention groups and control group with them being higher in all intervention group than in control group (P all < 0.05). The expression of PCNA in model group was lower than those in all intervention groups and control group with it being lower in all intervention groups than that in control group (P all < 0.05). The expression of VEGF, VEGF-2, PCNA, and claudin-2 were no different among intervention groups (P all > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of VEGF, VEGF-2, and claudin-2 were higher in rats with NEC, while the expression of PCNA was lower. Supplementation of Clostridium butyricum may protect newborn rats by its act on these factors.

“Vascular hypothesis” and angiogenic therapy in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

TANG Hongyi

. 2016, 34(7):  553.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2016.07.018

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic pulmonary disease which seriously affects the survival and long term quality of life in premature infants. Its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the role of pulmonary vascular dysplasia in BPD has received increasing attention and evolved into a “vascular hypothesis” of the pathogenesis of BPD. Angiogenesis therapy based on this hypothesis has also made some progress in the treatment of BPD. This paper briefly reviews the current research situation in this field.