Table of Content

15 August 2015 Volume 33 Issue 8

  

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mycoplasm load and the immune response of Th1/Th2 cells in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

LI Jing, BAO Jun, BAO Yixiao, LIU Quanhua, JI Ruoxu, LIN Qian

. 2015, 33(8):  681.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.001

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Objective　To understand the relationship between mycoplasm load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with the status of Th1/Th2 immune response in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods　The levels of IL-4, IFN, IL-8 , TNF-α in BLAF and total IgE, ECP in serum from 90 children with MPP were measured by ELISA.MP DNA in BALF was detected quantitatively by fluorescent real-time PCR. Children with MPP (n=90) were divided into two groups of low MP-DNA load (n=24) and high MP-DNA load (n=26) according to the copies of MP DNA in BALF. The cytokines in BALF, and total IgE and ECP in serum were compared between the two groups. The relationship between the levels of cytokines in BLAF and the copies was evaluated. Results　The levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/IFN ratio in BALF from the high DNA-load group were significantly higher than that of the low group (t=4.280, 2.076, all P<0.05). The level of IL-4 was significantly correlated with the copies of MP-DNA in BALF from children with MPP (r=0.509, P<0.05). The percentage of total IgE and ECP positive result in serum from the high DNA-load group is higher than that of the low group. (χ2=24.638, 6.392, all P<0.05). Conclusion 　Infection with high-load MP in children may cause the imbalance of Th1/Th2. And the Th2 cytokines response seems predominant.

Peripheral IL-10/IL-17 expression and pulmonary function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

LIANG Yue

. 2015, 33(8):  686.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.002

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Objective　To evaluate the correlation of peripheral IL-10/IL-17 expression and pulmonary function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods　Children with MPP (n=66) were recruited and divided into MPP gasp groups (n=31) and MPP no-gasp group (n=35) based on whether pulmonary wheezing sound exists. Another 30 healthy children were recruited as control group. ELISA was used to detect the level of interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and lung capacity maximum expiratory flow (V75, V50, V25) were detected by pulmonary function instrument. Results　The serum IL-10 level of MPP gasp groups, MPP no-gasp group and control group were (8.1±1.8) ng/L, (13.3±2.0) ng/L and (18.4±1.7) ng/L, respectively; the serum IL-17 level were (23.8±2.3) ng/L, (16.2±1.5) ng/L and (11.4±1.0)ng/L, respectively; which showed significant differences between each group (P ＜ 0.05). The PEF, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of MPP gasp groups were (71.4±5.7)%, (71.8±6.3)% and 72.5±9.6; and those of MPP no-gasp group were (95.3±7.8)%, (96.2±10.5)% and 85.3±4.5; which showed significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The V75, V50 and V25 were (74.7±5.0)%, (45.2±10.3)% and (38.3±8.7)%, and those of MPP no-gasp group were (85.6±4.2)%, (75.9±9.5)% and (66.1±12.5)%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PEF, FEV1, V75, V50 and V25 had positive correlation(P?0.05)with the level of IL-10 and f IL-17 (both P?0.05). Conclusion　MPP children have IL-10/IL-17 imbalance, and the expression of IL-10/IL-17 was correlated with pulmonary function changes.

Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of pneumonia with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Epstein-Barr virus infection in children

HUANG Li, ZHANG Xinxing, GU Wenjing, YAN Yongdong, WANG Meijuan, CHEN Zhengrong,ZHOU Xuemei, SHAO Xuejun, JI Wei

. 2015, 33(8):  690.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.003

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　Objective　To study the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and EBV infection in children and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　One hundred and twenty two (122) hospitalized children with pathogen detection of MP and EBV double positive in hospitalized children with pneumonia from May 2013 to April 2014 (n=2213) were recruited as mixed infection group. In the mixed infection group, patients were further devided into high EBV mixed infection group if the EBV DNA copies were more than 1.0×104 copies/ml and the low EBV mixed infection group when EBV DNA copies were less than 1.0×104 copies/ml. And another 45 hospitalized children with MP pneumonia were rectuited as control group. Clinical data and laboratory findings of all children were collected and analyzed. Results　The mixed infection rate of MP and EBV was 5.51% (122/2213). As children getting older, the incidence of mixed infection was increased (χ2=84.08, P<0.001). And the mixed infection incidence in the lobar pneumonia group was significantly higher than the bronchopneumonia group (χ2=37.44, P<0.001). The incidence of ALT and CK-MB elevated, lobar pneumonia, average fever days and hospitalization days in mixed infection with the high EBV copies group were significantly higher than those in the low EBV copies group and the control group (both P<0.05). The incidence of ALT and CK-MB elevated, average fever days and hospitalization days in mixed infection with the high EBV copies group were significantly higher than those of the low EBV copies group and the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion　The mixed infection of MP and EBV could aggravate the injury both in and out of the lung. Number of EBV copies plays an important role in the degree of injury both inside and outside the lung due to pneumonia with mixed infection of MP and EBV. When a patient with MP pneumonia complains with severe clinical symptoms and obvious injury outside the lung, EBV detection, especially quantitative detection of EBV DNA copies could be beneficial for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase for heart failure in pneumonia children　

TANG Shenhua, JIA Xiuhong, LI Jianchang, LI Xiaomei, ZHANG Yanyan

. 2015, 33(8):  694.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.004

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　Objective　To investigate the diagnostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) for heart failure (HF) in pneumonia children. Methods　The NT-proBNP and CKMB were assayed in 132 pneumonia children with HF, 138 pneumonia children without HF and 62 healthy children were recruited into this study. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and a logistic regression model were employed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of NT-proBNP and CK-MB for HF in pneumonia children. Results　Pneumonia children with HF had higher blood NT-proBNP and CK-MB than those in pneumonia children without HF and healthy controls (P<0.01 for both). Pneumonia children with HF had higher blood NT-proBNP and CK-MB than the pneumonia children without HF. The area under curves (AUCs) of NT-proBNP and CK-MB for HF were 0.85 and 0.72, respectively. The AUC for their combinational usage was 0.87. Conclusion　Both NT-proBNP and CK-MB are effective markers as diagnostic adjuncts for HF in pneumonia children. Combination of NT-proBNP and CK-MB can improve the diagnostic accuracy for HF in pneumonia children.

Incidence and risk factor analysis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea of pediatric patients with severe bacterial pneumonia#br# 　

LI Zihua, CHENG Guoping, WANG Zaihua,ZHANG Zhen, XIANG Yun

. 2015, 33(8):  698.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.005

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Objective　To investigate the incidence and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) of pediatric patients with severe bacterial pneumonia. Methods　Clinical data of 1086 pediatric patients with severe bacterial pneumonia from January 2010 through January 2014 were recruited. The incidence and risk factors of AAD were retrospectively analyzed. Results　The incidence of AAD in 1086 pediatric patients with severe bacterial pneumonia was 36.74%. The incidence of AAD in patients younger than 2 years old were higher than that in those older than 2 years, once or more times of mechanical ventilation history were higher than that with no arrangements of this treatment, administering of combined antibiotics therapy were higher than that with single antibiotics, and the incidence of AAD due to amoxicillin/clavulanate, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam in pediatric patients were 43.55%, 43.75%, and 45.03%, respectively. Three β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors above were risk factors of AAD through multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion　The high incidence of AAD in pediatric patients with severe bacterial pneumonia was associated with some risk factors, including younger than 2 years old, mechanicalventilation, combined antibiotics therapy and administration of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin/clavulanate,piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam).

Detection of Mig in serum and CXCR3 on lymphocytes of peripheral blood of infants with bronchiolitis

ZHANG Yan, XU Xiujuan, WANG Wei, ZOU Liping

. 2015, 33(8):  702.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.006

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Objective　To explore the expression of monokine induced by interferon- γ (Mig) in serum and chemokine receptor 3(CXCR3)on lymphocytes of peripheral blood in children with bronchiolitis. Methods　In this study, 55 patients with bronchiolitis in our hospital were randomly recuited, and were divided into two groups: atopic group and non-atopic group. Of the same age 26 healthy children had been enrolled randomly as control group. The level of CXCR3 expression (CD183) on lymphocytes of peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry in all children. The level of Mig in serum was assayed by ELISA. Results　The level of CD183 expression on the CD3+CD4+T lymphocytes in atopic group and non-atopic group(16.39±4.13%,14.39±3.74 %)were higher than that of control group (11.17±3.13%, P<0.05)，CD183+CD4+/CD4+% in atopic group were higher than that in non-atopic group(P<0.05). The level of CD183 expression on CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes in atopic group and non-atopic group(67.18±10.57 %, 61.44±11.46 %)were higher than that of control group (51.19±5.42 %, P<0.05), CD183+CD8+/CD8+% in atopic group were significantly higher than that in non-atopic group(P<0.05). The level of Mig in serum of children with bronchiolitis in atopic group and non-atopic group(99.67±35.77ng/L, 120.28±32.28ng/L)were significantly higher than that in control group(63.90±15.82 ng/L, P<0.05). The level of Mig in non-atopic group was higher than that in atopic group, there was significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusions　Mig and CXCR3 are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis, and CXCR3 may relate to allergic factors.

Treatment efficacy evaluation of standardized management for children with asthma

MA Xusheng, TU Linxiu, MEI Yijun, BI Haiyan,YU Shengbo, WANG Huijie, WANG Caifu, CHEN Zhimin

. 2015, 33(8):  706.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.007

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　Objective　To evaluate the treatment efficacy of the treatment promotion of standardized management for children with asthma. Methods　Medical records of 150 children with asthma were reviewed and divided into management group or control group according to whether standardized management was accepted. Comprehensive asthma education for asthma patients and their parents including asthma associated basic knowledge education, health education as well as follow-ups at defined intervals was conducted in 78 cases. In the meantime, standardized asthma therapies were performed. Control group involved 72 cases who did not receive asthma education managements and only accepted regular clinical therapies. After 1-year observational follow-up, , clinical efficacy of children with asthma, changes of knowledge-attitude-practice of parents, and compliance of medication were compared between the two groups. Results　After promotion of standardized managements treatment, asthma control rates in the management group were significantly higher than that of the control group ( χ2=54.68, P<0.01); In addition, the rate of asthma attacks, emergency visits as well as hospitalizations were obviously reduced in the management group than control group (both with P<0.01). Knowledge associated with asthma, therapy and management executions as well as knowledge-attitude- practice of parents also demonstrated apparent elevations in the management group (P<0.01); At the same time, management group has illustrated superior medication compliance over the control group ( χ2=66.27, P<0.01). Conclusion　Promotion of standardized treatment management among children with asthma can help to achieve effective control by raising levels of knowledge- attitude-practice of the parents as well as the patient’s compliance to the treatment.

Report a case of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia with fetal pleural effusions

ZHUANG Xiaolei, WANG Jimei,ZHOU Xiaoyun, AN Xiaoxia, QIAN Beiqian, YAN Yingliu, JI Min

. 2015, 33(8):  710.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.008

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Objective　To summarize and review the clinical characteristics of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia with fetal bilateral pleural effusions. Methods　The clinical data of a newborn diagnosed as congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia with bilateral pleural effusions in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, was summarized. The clinical, radiographic features, treatment and prognosis of this case are discussed in the context of the literature review. Results　The premature infants presented with rapid progression bilateral pleural effusions, respiratory distress, chylothorax, hypoalbuminemia and persistent pulmonary hypertension at birth. The pulmonary surfactant was given and mechanical ventilation was used for respiratory support. NO was inhaled, high-frequency mechanical ventilation was applied and albumin was repeatedly administered. After treatment for 3 months in the NICU, the patient was discharged. After 10 days, the patient was administered to the PICU with "severe pneumonia, chronic lung disease, mechanical ventilation" and anti-infection treatments were applied for 2 months. After living for six months, the baby died. Conclusions　Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia is extremely rare and prenatal diagnosis was difficult. The disease should be considered in patients presented with progressive dyspnea, interstitial emphysema after birth. Lung tissue biopsy and radioisotope scanning should be performed in time to get diagnosis.

Clinical features and outcomes of 78 children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma

　JIANG Jian, SONG Xuewen, XU Huijuan, ZHONG Ren, NI Yongan, SUN Lirong

. 2015, 33(8):  715.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.009

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Objective　To explore the clinical features and factors influencing the prognosis of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods　Pathologically diagnosed 78 pediatric patients with NHL and treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2004 to August 2013 were collected and analyzed. Patients were grouped according to age, sex, tumor size, immunologic classification, B-symptoms, LDH, hemoglobin and clinical staging. The 5-years event-free survival rate (EFS) were calculated and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference of the survival rate between groups were compared. Using Cox proportional hazards model, we analyzed the possible factors that might influence 5-years event-free survival rate EFS , such as age and clinical staging. The OR value and the 95% CI were calculated. Results　Among the 78 cases, median age of onset is 7 years old, male to female ratio is 2.90:1, there are 25 cases of T-cell type and 53 cases of B-cell type. According to pathological types，Burkitt lymphoma is the most common (34.6%), followed by T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (20.5%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (11.5%). According to the St. Jude malignant lymphoma staging system, there are 2 cases in stage I, 9 in stage Ⅱ , 35 in stage Ⅲ and 32 in stage Ⅳ. Swelling of periphery lymph node (80.7%) was observed as initial symptom in 26 cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma. Among 45 cases of mature B-cell tumor, the main clinical feature including abdominal cavity and gingival were observed in 27 cases of Burkitt lymphoma. Among the 73 cases received treatments, 66 cases (90.5%) attained CR (complete remission) and 4 cases (5.5%) attained PR (partial remission) by cytology and radiographic assessment after two course of combined chemotherapy, 2 cases (2.7%) rapidly relapsed after the remisson of one course treatment, 1 case (1.3%) appeared the central nervous system infiltration in the chemotherapy. With median follow-up time of 42 months, the 5-year EFS of the 73 cases was (67.0+5.5)%. Single factor analysis showed that B-symptom, LDH, and clinical staging were significantly correlated with prognosis (P<0.05), while age, sex, tumor size, hemoglobin and immune classification was independent of prognosis (P>0.05). Multiple factor analysis showed that LDH and clinical staging influenced the prognosis (OR=3.34，95 ％ CI 2.275−10.683，P<0.01；OR=4.354，95%CI 1.519−12.475，P<0.01) . Conclusion　clinical features of childhood NHL are variable. LDH and clinical staging at primary diagnosis are important factors affecting the prognosis.

Detection of N-myc and ALK abnormality in and clinicopathological analyses of 83 cases of neuroblastoma

WANG Weiya1, LI Jinnan1, WU Weilu1, CHEN Min1, LI Gandi1, MA Zhigui2

. 2015, 33(8):  720.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.010

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　Objectives　To retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological features of neuroblastoma (NB) and investigate the significance of abnormality of N-myc and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene copy number change as well as ALK mutations in NB. Methods Eighty-three NB patients were collected and classified into different subgroups according to the clinical stage and histology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the abnormalities of N-myc and ALK genes. The extracted DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced to investigate the point mutations of the ALK gene. Follow-up data were collected and survival analysis was performed. Results　FISH detection showed that the aberration of N-myc gene copy number presented as gain and amplification. The aberration of ALK gene presented as point mutation and gain. It was shown that 17 cases had the abnormality of both N-myc and ALK gene. Survival analysis showed that the prognostic factors included the clinical stage, age and abnormality of N-myc genes. Conclusion　Detection of N-myc and ALK abnormality in NB would be helpful for evaluating the prognosis and providing theoretical basis for ALK target therapy.

Screening and genetic diagnosis of childhood thalassemia in Sanya city　

CHEN Aihua, CHEN Chuihai, CHEN Qiuzhu, ZHOU Xiangmin, CHEN Chuiwan, CHEN Chuiren, HUO Kaiming

. 2015, 33(8):  726.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.011

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　Objective　To investigate the incidence and gene mutation spectrum of childhood thalassemia in Sanya city. Methods　There were 938 children in our hospital screened by routine blood test, C-reactive protein test and hemoglobinelectrophoresis. Based on the screening results in children with thalassemia and its subtypes, the alpha thalassaemia children were diagnosed by gap - polymerase chain reaction, while the beta thalassaemia ones were diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot, and all the results were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Screening positive rate of thalassemia anemia was 13.65% (128/938), genetic diagnosis positive rate was 11.41% (107/938). In 107 cases diagnosed with thalassemia by genetic test, 59 were alpha thalassaemia, and 46 were beta thalassaemia, and 2 cases were alpha thalassaemia combined with beta thalassaemia. In 59 cases of alpha thalassaemia, 31 had genotype of - SEA/alpha alpha , 13 cases with genotype alpha 4.2 / alpha alpha, and 6 were of HbH disease. In the 46 cases of beta thalassaemia children, six gene locus mutations were found : CD41-42 (CTTT) in 21 cases, TATAbox - 28 (A - G) in 13 cases, CDs14/15 (G) in 5 cases, IVS - Int 654 (C - > T) in 4 cases, CD17 (A - > T) in 2 cases, and 27-28 (C) in 1 case. Conclusion　High prevalence of thalassemia in children from Sanya city warrants genetic counseling, premarital check-up and prenatal diagnosis.

Etiology and bone age of 2132 children with short stature

WU Su, WANG Sumei, ZHU Ziyang, GU Wei, NI Shining,SHI Xing, LIU Qianqi

. 2015, 33(8):  730.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.012

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　Objective　The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology and status of bone age of children with short stature. Methods　Anthropological and physical examination data were retrospectively collected and studied in 2132 children with short stature in the department of endocrinology between 2009 and 2014. Growth hormone (GH) levels were determined by arginine-clonidine test. Bone age was determined by CHN scoring. Results　Among the 2132 patients, 1333 were males and 799 were females. Mean age is 9.03 ± 3.04 years old, mean bone age is 6.81 ± 3.05 years. Of them, 324 cases (15.2%) were diagnosed complete GH deficiency, 780 cases (36.59%) were partial GH deficiency, 27cases (1.27%) were multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, 13 cases (1.64%) were hypothyroidism, 893 cases (41.89%) were idiopathic short stature, 19 cases (0.89%) were small for gestational age (SGA), 40 cases (1.88%) were chromosomal disorders, etc. Significant difference in age and bone age was  found using t test (P< 0.05). Significant differences in Δage were found between etiological categories using ANOVA (P=0.000). Δage was significantly and negatively associated with peak GH using Pearson's correlation. Conclusions　GH deficiency is the most common cause of short stature. Bone age of children with short stature is commonly delayed. Δage was significantly and negatively associated with peak GH. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency has a significant effect on bone age. The etiology of patients with short stature cannot be determined just by bone age.

The correlation between serum concentration of vitamin A and NRDS in preterm infants

CHENG Chen, BAO Lei

. 2015, 33(8):  734.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.013

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　Objectives　To observe correlation between serum vitamin A status and prevalence or severity of NRDS. Methods　Recruited into this study were 166 preterm infants admitted to our neonatal department. The serum concentration of vitamin A was measured, and the prevalence of NRDS at different levels of vitamin A was compared. According to the clinical manifestation and X-rays, there were 30 infants diagnosed as NRDS. Another 30 patients from the rest 133 infants without NRDS were randomly selected as control group according to the gestational ages, then the difference between NRDS group and control group were observed according to gestational ages. The 30 preterm infants with NRDS were divided further into mild group (including stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ , n=18) and severe group (including stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ , n=12) according to findings chest X-ray, then the difference between these two groups were observed. Results　In the 166 preterm infants recruited, 65/166 had serum vitamin A lower than 0.35 μmol/L, in which 14/65 (21.54%) were NRDS patients. Another 93/166 patients had serum vitamin A ranged from 0.35 μmol/L to 0.7 μmol/L, in which 15/93 (16.13%) were NRDS patient. The rest 8/166 had serum vitamin A higher than 0.7 μmol/L, in which 1/8 (12.50%) were NRDS patient. However, the differences between each two groups were not significant. When gestational ages ranged from 34 to 37 weeks, the serum concentrations of vitamin A of NRDS group were lower than that in controls (P<0.05). No significant difference between the serum concentrations of vitamin A and the severity of NRDS were observed (P>0.05). Conclusions　The prevalence of NRDS for those preterm infants lacking of vitamin A was tended to increase. And the late preterm infants (34 w ≤ GA <37 w) with vitamin A deficiency are prone to NRDS.

Effect of montelukast on the secretion of mucus protein in human bronchial epithelial cells

YE Jianmin, BAO Yixiao, LI Ling

. 2015, 33(8):  738.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.014

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Objective　To investigate the effect of montelukast on the secretion of mucus protein in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods　Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were isolated and identified in vitro. LPS (1μg/mL) was used to induce cell inflammatory response. Montelukast (50 μmol/L, 20μmol/L, 10μmol/L) was used as intervention. The concertration of mucin-5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in cell supernatants was measured by ELISA. The expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western-blot. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). To further elucidate the mechanism, NF-κB (p65)、IκBα、ERK1/2 phosphorylation before and after montelukast intervention were determined by Western-blot. Results　Montelukast decreases the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner in LPS induced human bronchial epithelial cells. Meanwhile, monteluskast suppresses ROS generation and NF-κB (p65)、IκBα、ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Conclusions In response to LPS induced inflammation, montelukast decreases the expression level of MUC5AC in vitro, which may be related to NF-κB and ERK activation.

Progress on ventilator-induced lung injury and lung protective ventilation strategies in pediatric patients　

JI Wei, HUANG Yue

. 2015, 33(8):  743.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.015

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Ventilator-induced lung injury is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation. At present a lot of researches have explored lung protective ventilation strategies to prevent and treat ventilator associated lung injury in adult. But researches on children are relatively rare. This article reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of pediatric ventilator-induced lung injury and the clinical application of lung protective ventilation strategies in children.

Image research on childhood mental disorder　

WEN Jian, XU Gailing, XU Lingmin

. 2015, 33(8):  747.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.016

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Imaging tests have been paid widespread attention as a new method of exploring psychopathologies, but the studies on childhood mental disorder are rare and still do not suffice enough for conclusions. The study reviewed previous research results, views and our thoughts on values and limitations of imaging tests in childhood mental disorder. We summarized current problems and gaps in research.

Histo-blood group antigen and rotavirus infection

YAN Xiaoqiong, XU Hongmei

. 2015, 33(8):  751.  doi:10.3969 j.issn.1000-3606.2015.08.017

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Rotavirus (RV) is one of the major pathogens responsible for acute viral gastro-enteritis in children. The infection of RV is dependent upon the recognition of the host cell specific receptors and attachment. Thus, receptors are the important factors of infection. Recent studies have suggested that a genetic factor might play a role in the susceptibility of hosts to RV infection. Histo-blood group antigens have recently been discovered as receptors binding to RV, which are important for the study of evolution. Thus it will be also crucial for the pathogenesis and epidemiology and prevention and treatment for RV. In this article, we will review the correlation of the RV infection and histo-blood group antigens and further discuss the development of optimal vaccine.