Abstract: 　Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics of pleural effusion associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in neonates. Method　The clinical data of pleural effusion caused by PICCs in two neonates were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Both 2 cases were preterm female infants. Case 1 was delivered at 26+5 weeks, with a birth weight of 800 g. Dyspnea aggravated 8 hours after the PICC placement. Bedside chest radiograph indicated a large amount of pleural effusion on the right side. PICC was removed, puncture and drainage were performed, and pleural effusion was cured after 6 days of closed thoracic drainage. Case 2 was delivered at 29+3 weeks with a birth weight of 1240 g. Three days after placement of PICC, dyspnea became worse. Bedside chest radiograph showed bilateral pleural effusion, which was cured after PICC removal, puncture and drainage. According to the routine and biochemical indexes of pleural effusion, combined with the medical history, case 1 was consistent with the diagnosis of chylothorax and case 2 was considered as fluid exudation. Conclusion　Neonatal PICC - associated pleural effusion is rare, but the etiology is varied and progress is rapid. Vigilance and active treatment is needed in clinic.

Key words: 　peripherally inserted central catheter;　pleural effusion;　chylothorax;　neonate