Abstract: 　Objective　To analysis the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of Penicilliosis maneffei (PSM) in 3 non-AIDS children. Methods　A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics and treatment results of 3 children with PSM were analyzed. Results　There were 1 female and 2 males, with an age of 5 months, 1 year and 5 months, 3 years and 2 months respectively. All 3 cases were characterized by recurrent fever with cough, shortness of breath, progressive aggravation of the disease, and ineffective of anti-infection therapy. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diverse manifestations in the lung. One was in the induction remission chemotherapy stage of acute lymphocytic leukemia, other two had congenital biliary atresia. The diagnoses were made by blood culture, sputum culture, or next-generation sequencing (NGS) of pathogen in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The conditions of 3 cases were improved after amphotericin B-based treatment. Conclusion　PSM can occur in non-AIDS children with lung being the main target organ. For immunocompromised children in epidemic areas, clinicians should be aware of PSM and take pathogenic examination early.

Key words: Penicillium marneffei;　non-AIDS;　child