[1] European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control:Surveillance of health-careassociated infections in Europe 2007[C]. Report. Stockholm:ECDC; 2012. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/120215_SUR_HAI_2007.pdf
[2] Lambert ML,Palomar M,Agodi A,et al. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit:an international online survey[J]. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control,2013,2(1):9-24.
[3] Chastre J,Fagon JY.Ventilator-associated pneumonia[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2002,165(7):867-903.
[4] 寿文祥.32例新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床分析[J].中华医院感染性杂志.2012,22(4):731-732.
[5] Foglia E,Meier MD,Elward A.Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit [J]. Clin Microbiol Rev,2007,20(3):409-425.
[6] 谭薇,郭桂芳,王乐强,等.早发性与晚发性呼吸机相关性肺炎病原学分析 [J],中华医院感染学杂志,2007,17(5):524-526.
[7] KohlerPF,Farr RS. Elevation of cord over maternal IgGimmunoglobulin:evidence for an active placental IgG transport [J]. Nature,1966,210(5040):1070-1071.
[8] ApisarnthanarakA,Holzmann-Pazgal G,Hamvas A,et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in extremely pretermneonates in a neonatal intensive care unit:characteristics,risk factors,andoutcomes [J]. Pediatrics,2003,112(6pt1):1283-1289.
[9] 邹友富,邓春.新生儿呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素及病原菌状况分析[J].重庆医科大学学报,2010,35(10):1550-1555.
[10] 陈华友,徐乃军.早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎高危因素分析 [J]. 中国实用儿科杂志,2009,24(7):542-544.
[11] Srinivasan R,Asselin J,Gildengorin G,et al. A prospective study of ventilator-associated pneumonia in children [J]. Pediatrics,2009,123(4):1108-1115.
[12] 张亚莉,耿穗娜,王能平,等.呼吸机相关性肺炎临床与病原菌特点分析 [J]. 中华医院感染学杂志,2006,16(4):453-456.
[13] Rello J,Ollendorf DA,Oster G,et al.Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in large US datdbase [J]. chest,2002,122(6):2115-2121.
[14] Gopal Katherason S,Naing L,Jaalam K,et al.Ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care units in Malaysia [J]. J Infect Dev Ctries,2009,3(9):704-710.
[15] 王文秋,张晓娟,王耀丽,等.床头角度对插管机械通气患儿呼吸机相关性肺炎发病率的影响 [J]. 重庆医学,2009,6,38(12):1493-1494.
[16] 冯佩君,葛文传.鸟巢在早产儿护理中的应用 [J]. 实用护理杂志,2013,19(6):33.
[17] Ni?l-Weise BS,Gastmeier P,Kola A,et al. An evidence-based recommendation on bed head elevation for mechanically ventilated patients[J]. Crit Care,2011,15(2):R111.
[18] 袁继红,张漪,夏世文.密闭式吸痰管对新生儿机械通气疗效及并发症的影响 [J]. 中国新生儿科杂志.2012,27(6):401-403.
[19] Limperopoulos C,Gauvreau KK,O’Leary H,et al. Cerebral hemodynamic changes during intensive care of preterm infants [J]. Pediatrics,2008,122(5):1006-1013.
[20] Siempos II,Vardakas KZ,Falagas ME. Closed tracheal suction systems for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia [J]. Br J Anaesth,2008,100(3):299-306.
[21] 胡晓静,章晓军,徐军,等.新生儿密闭式吸痰系统应用的系统评价 [J]. 中华护理学杂志,2010,45(2):156-159.
[22] 何少茹.早产儿呼吸机相关性肺炎的预防 [J]. 实用医学杂志,2006,22(7):743-744.
[23] CollardHR,Saint S,Matthay MA. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia:an evidence-based systematic review [J]. AnnInternMed,2003,138(6):494-501.
[24] Ahmed AK,Dalia ME,Wessam F. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [J]. J Am Sci,2013,9(11):251-258.
[25] 寇秋野,张晓菲.重新认识选择性消化道去污 [M].1版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:78-82.
[26] Liberati A,D’Amico R,Pifferi,et al. Antibioticprophylaxis to reduce respiratory tract infections and mortality in adults receivingintensive care [J]. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2004,(1):CD000022.
[27] Bos Eyssen ME,van Doorn PA,Jacobs BC,et al. Selective digestive tract decontamination decreases time on ventilator in Guillain-Barré syndrome [J]. Neurocrit Care,2011,15(1):128-133.
[28] Ruza F,Alvarado F,Herruzo R,et al. Prevention of nosocomial infection in a pediatricintensive care unit (PICU) through the use of selective digestive decontamination [J]. Eur J Epidemiol,1998,14(7):719-27.
[29] Herruzo-Cabrera R,Garcia Gonzalez JI,Garcia-Magan P,et al. Nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unitand its prevention with selective intestinal decolonization.A multivariantevaluation of infection reduction [J]. EurJEpidemiol,1994,10(5):573-580.
[30] de Jonge E. Effects of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on mortality and antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit [J].Curr Opin Crit Care,2005,11(2):144-149.
[31] 中丽旻,朱喜春,赵鹤龄.《拯救脓毒症运动:2008严重脓毒症和脓毒症休克管理指南》解读(七)预防深静脉血栓、应激性溃疡、选择性消化道去污和儿童脓毒症 [J].临床荟萃,2008,23:1737-1739.
[32] 刘亚平,韩江娜,马遂.呼吸机管道系统更换与呼吸机相关性肺炎[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2001,24(8):508-509.
[33] 章渭方,陈爱君,方雪玲,等.呼吸机管道更换周期对呼吸机相关性肺炎发生的影响[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2004,27(2):131-132.
[34] 梅小丽,喻文亮.呼吸机相关性肺炎防治循证医学指南 [J].实用儿科临床杂志,2008,23(6):479-480.
[35] Lacherade JC,Auburtin M,Cerf C,et al. Impact of humidification systems on ventilator-associated pueumonia:a randomized multicenter trial [J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2005,172(10):1276-1282.
[36] Siempos II,Vardakas KZ,Kopterides P,et al. Impact of passive humidification on clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients a meta analyais of randomized controlled trials [J].Crit Care Med,2007,35(12):2843-2851.
[37] 李六亿.我国新生儿医院感染控制工作面临的挑战 [J].中国新生儿科杂志,2009,24(2):65-67.
[38] WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care.WHO.2009.
[39] Borghesi A,Stronati M.Strategies for the prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the neonatal intensive care unit [J]. J Hosp Infect,2008,68(4):293-300.
[40] Won SP,Chou HC,Hsieh WS,et al.Handwashing program for the prevention of nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit[J]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2004,25(9):742-746.
[41] Babcock HM,Zack JE,Garrison T,et al. An educational intervention to reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia in an integrated health system:a comparison of effects [J]. Chest,2004,125(6):2224-2231.
[42] Pineda LA,Saliba RG,El Solh AA. Effect of oral decontamination with chlorhexidine on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia:a meta-analysis [J]. Crit Care,2006,10(1):R35.
[43] Conner JM,Soll RF,Edwards WH. Topical ointment for preventing infection in prterm infants [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2004,(1):CD001150.
[44] Darmstadt GL,Saha SK,Ahmed AS,et al.Effect of topical treatment with skin barrier enhancing emollients on nosocomial infections inpreterm infants in Bangladesh:a randomized controlled trial [J]. Lancet,2005,365(9464):1039-1045.
[45] Darmstadt GL,Saha SK,Ahmed AS,et al.Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in prterm infants in Bangladesh:a randomized,controlled,clinical trial[J].Pediatrics,2008,121(3):522-529.
[46] 何必子,孙秀静,王丹华.强化母乳喂养对住院早产儿生长代谢的影响[J].中华围产医学杂志,2013,16(7):404-409.
[47] 陈运彬,颜慧恒.早产儿住院期间母乳喂养的现状及对策 [J].中华围产医学杂志,2012,15(9):518-520.
[48] Liu JT,Song HJ,Wang Y,et al.Factors associated with low adherence to head-of-bed elevation during mechanical ventilation in Chinese intensive care units [J].Chin Med J,2013,126(5):834-838.
[49] 李素明,苏慧敏,张印兰,等.集束化护理预防重症患儿呼吸机相关性肺炎 [J].护理学杂志.2013,28(1):41-42.