Abstract: Objective　To explore the relationship between the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6) and podocyte injury in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and its clinical significance. Methods　The renal tissue of 18 children with PNS was obtained. The pathological changes of kidney were observed by routine section staining and light microscopy. The structural changes of podocyte were observed by electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expressions of TRPC6  in tissues were determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Further the correlation of TRPC6 mRNA with serum levels of albumin (Alb), creatinine (Cr), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol (Tch), complement C3 and 24 h urinary protein quantitation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed respectively. Results　The expression of TRPC6 protein in renal tissue of children with PNS was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically different (P<0.05). The relative expression of TRPC6 mRNA in renal tissue of children with PNS was positively related to the expression of TRPC6 protein (r=0.508, P<0.05), but there was no correlation of expression of TRPC6 mRNA with serum levels of Alb, Cr, TG, Tch, C3, eGFR and 24h urinary protein quantitation (P>0.05). Conclusion　The pathological types of PNS were mainly podocyte lesions, and the expression of TRPC6 protein was increased in podocytes. TRPC6 detection may be helpful in the diagnosis of podocyte lesions.