Objective　To assess behavior characteristics and social functioning of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-autistic traits (ATs) and ADHD control (without ATs), and to explore the associations between the executive functions and the impairments of behavior. Method　A total of 175 ADHD children diagnosed in the Departmen of Behavior Pediatrics in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xinhua Hospital were selected and divided into ADHD with autism traits (ADHD-ATs) group (n=80) and ADHD without autism traits (ADHD) group (n=95) by the scores of social response scale. All participants completed IQ test and questionnaires such as SNAP-Ⅳ, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.  Results  There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender and IQ (P＞0.05). ADHD-ATs children behaved worse in hyperactivity/impulsive behavior (P＜0.05), worse impaired in theory of mind than ADHD children (P＜0.05). Further regression analysis found that the impact of cold and hot executive functions had a significant relationship with social behavior problems (behavior management index: β =－1.17, P <0.05, 95% CI: －2.00~－0.34; theory of mind (oral): β =0.72, P<0.05, 95% CI:0.51~0.93). Conclusions　Children with ADHD-ATs had more serious symptoms than children with ADHD, and with impaired cold and hot executive functions.
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