Objective　To explore the effect of plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in early predictive of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Method A total of 84 premature infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from July 2017 to August 2018 were selected, and were divided into BPD group (n=31) and non-BPD group (n=53) according to the diagnostic criteria of BPD. Peripheral blood was collected on the 1st, 7th and 14th day after birth. The plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 were measured by ELISA. Results　Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 between the two groups (P<0.001). The changes of plasma TGF-β1 and BMP-7 concentrations over time were also statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.001). The levels of TGF-β1 in BPD group increased slightly on the 1st day, decreased on the 7th day and increased significantly on the 14th day. The levels of plasma BMP-7 increased slightly on the 1st day, continued to rise on the 7th day and decreased on the 14th day. The levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 in BPD group were higher than those in non-BPD group at each postnatal time point. Conclusion Early postnatal plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 are helpful in early prediction of BPD in premature infants.