Objective? To?explore?the?diagnosis?and?treatment?of?pulmonary?abscess?in?children.?Method The clinical data?of?pulmonary?abscess?in?94?children?were?retrospectively?analyzed.?Results? There?were?totally?94?children?(57?boys?and? 37?girls)?with?a?median?age?of?2.3?years?(1?month?to?17?years?and?5?months),?including?54?children?with?primary?pulmonary? abscess?and?40?children?with?secondary?pulmonary?abscess.?The?common?symptoms?were?fever,?cough,?shortness?of?breath,? dyspnea?and?chest?pain.?Compared?with?primary?pulmonary?abscess?group,?the?proportion?of?albumin?<30?g/L?and?the?level?of? CRP?were?higher?in?the?secondary?lung?abscess?group?(P<0.05).?Sixty-six?children?were?detected?positive?for?pathogens,?and?81? strains?were?detected.?Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae?were?the?main?pathogens?in?primary?pulmonary? abscess?group,?while?Staphylococcus aureus,?Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae?were?the?main?pathogens?in? secondary?pulmonary?abscess?group.?All?94?patients?were?treated?with?antibiotics,?2?with?antifungal?therapy?and?18?with?surgery.? Ninety-one?children?were?discharged?after?remission.?Three?patients?had?poor?outcomes?(2?gave?up?treatment?and?1?died)?and?all? of?them?were?secondary?pulmonary?abscesses.?Compared?with?the?primary?pulmonary?abscess?group,?the?secondary?pulmonary? abscess?group?had?a?higher?proportion?of?ICU?cases?and?longer?hospital?stay,?and?the?differences?were?statistically?significant? (P<0.05).?Conclusion? Children?with?primary?and?secondary?pulmonary?abscesses?are?commonly?infected?with?Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus,?respectively,?and?the?antibiotic?treatment?is?required,?and?surgery?is?required?in?some? cases.?Secondary?pulmonary?abscess?has?more?severe?symptoms?and?longer?treatment?time?than?primary?pulmonary?abscess.