Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic airway diseases with airflow limitation in childhood and adulthood. Studies have found that asthma in childhood increases the risk of developing COPD in adulthood, and changes in lung function are an important predictor of COPD risk. The establishment of long-term monitoring and management of pulmonary function for children with asthma is of great significance for assessing the risk of irreversible airway obstruction in adulthood. The article reviews the research progress of childhood asthma and COPD.