The pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options of food allergy still need to be further explored. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the metabolites of the intestinal microbiome, and the researches on their immunomodulatory effects are gradually increasing and have been applied to the clinical treatment of certain immune-related diseases. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intestinal immunomodulation and potential therapeutic role of SCFAs in food allergy, this paper will briefly review the intestinal mucosal immune mechanism in food allergy, the link between SCFAs and food allergy, and the immunomodulatory role of SCFAs in it.