The yak lives in the special environment of the plateau area all year round, making the composition of yak milk different from ordinary cow's milk. Compared with ordinary cow's milk, yak milk contains higher protein, fat, lactose, minerals and other nutrients necessary for the growth and development of infants. In addition, yak milk is rich in immunerelated ingredients, such as immunoglobulins, transforming growth factors, exosomes and so on. This paper reviews the research progress of nutritional and immunologically active ingredients in yak milk.