Objective To retrospectively analyze the influence of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on neonates. Methods From January 2010 to January 2022, 41 pregnant women with CML and 36 neonates delivered by them in Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled in this study. Thirty-six neonates born by age-matched healthy pregnant women during the same period were used as controls. The effect of chronic myelogenous leukemia on neonates was analyzed. Results The survival rate of neonates with CML mothers was 100%. Compared with neonates with healthy mothers, the incidence of prematurity (22.2% vs 5.6%, P<0.05), low birth weight (19.4% vs 0, P<0.05) and referral to neonatal ward (30.6% vs 5.6%, P<0.05) was higher in the neonates with CML mothers. Neonates whose mothers were exposed to the drug during pregnancy were compared with neonates whose mothers were not exposed, and there were no differences in the incidence of congenital malformation (4.8% vs 6.7%, P>0.05), prematurity (23.8% vs 20%, P>0.05), small for gestational age (14.3% vs 6.7%, P>0.05) and perinatal asphyxia (28.6% vs 13.3%, P>0.05) between the two groups. The average length of hospital stay was (9.6±4.5) days in 11 neonates with CML mothers who were transferred to neonatal ward. One of them suffered from thrombocytopenia, but none suffered from leukopenia or anemia. Biochemical examination showed abnormal elevation of ALT in 1 child and AST in 2 children. Conclusion When mothers with CML receive appropriate treatment, the vast majority of their newborns have a good prognosis.