Literature Review

Research progress of biomarkers for early diagnosis of fetal growth restriction

  • Shiming Reviewer: WANG ,
  • Yiweng Reviser: WANG ,
  • Yongjun ZHANG
Expand
  • Division of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 20092, China

Received date: 2022-10-24

  Online published: 2023-02-16

Abstract

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication and a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effects of FGR persist throughout the entire lifespan would increase the risk of delayed neurological development, chronic metabolic diseases, and mortality. At present, in clinic, the detection rate of prenatal diagnosis of FGR fetuses is low. Improving detection and effective monitoring of progression is critical, and there is an urgent need to find better diagnostic methods for early identifying pregnancies at high-risk, guiding management and intervention. As a relatively non-invasive detection method, biomarkers have shown great potential in early prediction of FGR, and increasing biomarkers have been found. This review summarizes the research progress of maternal peripheral blood molecular biomarkers (proteins, metabolites or ribonucleic acid) in early diagnosing FGR, and elaborates the possible mechanism of their involvement in the occurrence and development of FGR, in order to provide evidence for clinicians to identify and evaluate the prognosis of FGR.

Cite this article

Shiming Reviewer: WANG , Yiweng Reviser: WANG , Yongjun ZHANG . Research progress of biomarkers for early diagnosis of fetal growth restriction[J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2023 , 41(2) : 150 -155 . DOI: 10.12372/jcp.2023.22e1429

References

[1] Nardozza LM, Caetano AC, Zamarian AC, et al. Fetal growth restriction: current knowledge[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2017, 295(5): 1061-1077.
[2] Fetal Growth Restriction: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 227[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 2021, 137(2): e16-e28.
[3] 中华医学会围产医学分会胎儿医学学组,中华医学会妇产科学分会产科学组. 胎儿生长受限专家共识(2019版)[J]. 中华围产医学杂志, 2019, 22(6): 361-380.
[4] Blencowe H, Krasevec J, de Onis M, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2019, 7(7): e849-e860.
[5] Sacchi C, Marino C, Nosarti C, et al. Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2020, 174(8): 772-781.
[6] Colella M, Frérot A, Novais ARB, et al. Neonatal and long-term consequences of fetal growth restriction[J]. Curr Pediatr Rev, 2018, 14(4): 212-218.
[7] Bendix I, Miller SL, Winterhager E. Editorial: Causes and consequences of intrauterine growth restriction[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2020, 11: 205.
[8] Malhotra A, Allison BJ, Castillo-Melendez M, et al. Neonatal morbidities of fetal growth restriction: pathophysiology and impact[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2019, 10: 55.
[9] Monier I, Blondel B, Ego A, et al. Does the presence of risk factors for fetal growth restriction increase the probability of antenatal detection? A French National Study[J]. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 2016, 30(1): 46-55.
[10] Ozdemir S, Sahin O, Acar Z, et al. Prediction of pregnancy complications with maternal biochemical markers used in Down syndrome screening[J]. Cureus, 2022, 14(3): e23115.
[11] Boonpiam R, Wanapirak C, Sirichotiyakul S, et al. Quad test for fetal aneuploidy screening as a predictor of small-for-gestational age fetuses: a population-based study[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020, 20(1): 621.
[12] Ogino MH, Tadi P. Physiology, chorionic gonadotropin[M]. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2021.
[13] Sirikunalai P, Wanapirak C, Sirichotiyakul S, et al. Associations between maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016, 36(2): 178-182.
[14] Genc S, Ozer H, Emeklioglu CN, et al. Relationship between extreme values of first trimester maternal pregnancy associated plasma protein-A, free-β-human chorionic gonadotropin, nuchal translucency and adverse pregnancy outcomes[J]. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 61(3): 433-440.
[15] Honarjoo M, Zarean E, Tarrahi MJ, et al. Role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and human-derived chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (free β-hCG) serum levels as a marker in predicting of small for gestational age (SGA): a cohort study[J]. J Res Med Sci, 2021, 26: 104.
[16] Huang J, Liu Y, Yang H, et al. The effect of serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin on pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Comput Math Methods Med, 2022, 2022: 8315519.
[17] Kiyokoba R, Uchiumi T, Yagi M, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced high hCG associated with develo-pment of fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia with fetal growth restriction[J]. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1): 4056.
[18] Sharony R, Sharon-Weiner M, Kidron D, et al. The association between maternal serum first trimester free βhCG, second trimester intact hCG levels and foetal growth restriction and preeclampsia[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018, 38(3): 363-366.
[19] Parry S, Carper BA, Grobman WA, et al. Placental protein levels in maternal serum are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous patients[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 227(3): 497.
[20] Boutin A, Gasse C, Demers S, et al. Does low PAPP-A predict adverse placenta-mediated outcomes in a low-risk nulliparous population? the Great Obstetrical Syndromes (GOS) Study[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 2018, 40(6): 663-668.
[21] Kantomaa T, V??r?sm?ki M, Gissler M, et al. First trimester low maternal serum pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) as a screening method for adverse pregnancy outcomes[J]. J Perinat Med, 2022. doi:10.1515/jpm-2022-0241.
[22] He B, Hu C, Zhou Y. First-trimester screening for fetal growth restriction using Doppler color flow analysis of the uterine artery and serum PAPP-A levels in unselected pregnancies[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2021, 34(23): 3857-3861.
[23] Powe CE, Levine RJ, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia, a disease of the maternal endothelium: the role of antiangiogenic factors and implications for later cardiovascular disease[J]. Circulation, 2011, 123(24): 2856-2869.
[24] Benton SJ, McCowan LM, Heazell AE, et al. Placental growth factor as a marker of fetal growth restriction caused by placental dysfunction[J]. Placenta, 2016, 42: 1-8.
[25] Lesmes C, Gallo DM, Gonzalez R, et al. Prediction of small-for-gestational-age neonates: screening by maternal serum biochemical markers at 19-24 weeks[J]. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2015, 46(3): 341-349.
[26] Margossian A, Boisson-Gaudin C, Subtil F, et al. Intra-uterine growth restriction impact on maternal serum concentration of PlGF (placental growth factor): a case control study[J]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil, 2016, 44(1): 23-28.
[27] Montanari L, Alfei A, Albonico G, et al. The impact of first-trimester serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A on the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age infant[J]. Fetal Diagn Ther, 2009, 25(1): 130-135.
[28] Shinar S, Tigert M, Agrawal S, et al. Placental growth factor as a diagnostic tool for placental mediated fetal growth restriction[J]. Pregnancy Hypertens, 2021, 25: 123-128.
[29] Nuriyeva G, Kose S, Tuna G, et al. A prospective study on first trimester prediction of ischemic placental diseases[J]. Prenat Diagn, 2017, 37(4): 341-349.
[30] Jeon HR, Jeong DH, Lee JY, et al. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as a predictive and prognostic marker for preeclampsia[J]. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2021, 47(7): 2318-2323.
[31] Bednarek-J?drzejek M, Kwiatkowski S, Ksel-Hryciów J, et al. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio values within the <38, 38-85 and >85 brackets as compared to perinatal outcomes[J]. J Perinat Med, 2019, 47(7): 732-740.
[32] Chen W, Wei Q, Liang Q, et al. Diagnostic capacity of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in fetal growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Placenta, 2022, 127: 37-42.
[33] Gaccioli F, Sovio U, Cook E, et al. Screening for fetal growth restriction using ultrasound and the sFLT1/PlGF ratio in nulliparous women: a prospective cohort study[J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2018, 2(8): 569-581.
[34] Garcia-Manau P, Mendoza M, Bonacina E, et al. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio in different stages of early-onset fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age[J]. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2021, 100(1): 119-128.
[35] Rolnik DL, Wang Y, Hyett J, et al. Serum podocalyxin at 11-13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of small for gestational age neonates[J]. J Perinatol, 2019, 39(6): 784-790.
[36] Behram M, O?lak SC, Da? ?. Circulating levels of Elabela in pregnant women complicated with intrauterine growth restriction[J]. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod, 2021, 50(8): 102127.
[37] Birdir C, Fox L, Droste L, et al. MR-proANP, a cardio-vascular biomarker to predict late-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restricted fetuses[J]. Pregnancy Hypertens, 2020, 22: 54-58.
[38] Moros G, Boutsikou T, Fotakis C, et al. Insights into intrauterine growth restriction based on maternal and umbilical cord blood metabolomics[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 7824.
[39] Sovio U, Goulding N, McBride N, et al. A maternal serum metabolite ratio predicts fetal growth restriction at term[J]. Nat Med, 2020, 26(3): 348-353.
[40] Lee C, Lee SM, Byun DJ, et al. Maternal signatures of cortisol in first trimester small-for-gestational age[J]. Reprod Sci, 2022, 29(5): 1498-1505.
[41] Tagliaferri S, Cepparulo P, Vinciguerra A, et al. miR-16-5p, miR-103-3p, and miR-27b-3p as early peripheral biomarkers of fetal growth restriction[J]. Front Pediatr, 2021, 9: 611112.
[42] Hromadnikova I, Kotlabova K, Krofta L. First-trimester screening for fetal growth restriction and small-for-gestational-age pregnancies without preeclampsia using cardiovascular disease-associated microRNA biomarkers[J]. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(3): 718.
[43] Whitehead CL, Walker SP, Tong S. Measuring circulating placental RNAs to non-invasively assess the placental transcriptome and to predict pregnancy complications[J]. Prenat Diagn, 2016, 36(11): 997-1008.
Outlines

/