Journal of Clinical Pediatrics >
Characteristics of lung function in preschool asthmatic children
Received date: 2023-04-21
Online published: 2024-11-08
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of spirometry in preschool asthmatic children and further analyze its characteristics. Methods The clinical information and lung function results of preschool asthmatic children who were initial diagnosed from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied to analyze the category features of spirometry parameters distribution. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the difference factors and category features of spirometry. Results A total of 851 preschool asthmatic children were included in this study, with a median age of 4.3 years. Latent profile analysis of spirometry parameters (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF50, FEF75 and FEF25~75, %pred) fitted four categories of spirometry parameters distribution curves: above-normal lung ventilation function group (118 cases, 13.9 %), normal lung ventilation function group (269 cases, 31.6 %), small airway function decreased group (297 cases, 34.9 %) and small airway dysfunction group (167 cases, 19.6 %). Spirometry parameters values showed a downward trend among the four category groups, with statistically significant differences in small airway function parameters among groups (P<0.001). Compared with the above-normal lung ventilation function group and the normal lung ventilation function group, patients in the small airway dysfunction group were older (P<0.001), had a higher proportion of eosinophilia (P=0.040) and severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR, P<0.001). The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed blood eosinophilia (P=0.036), moderate airway hyperresponsiveness (P=0.008), and severe airway hyperresponsiveness (P<0.001) were positively correlated with small airway dysfunction in preschool asthmatic children. Conclusions The distribution characteristics of spirometry parameters in preschool asthmatic children can be categorized into four types: above-normal lung ventilation function, normal lung ventilation function, small airway function decreased and small airway dysfunction. Blood eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness are associated with small airway dysfunction in preschool children with asthma.
Key words： asthma; spirometry; child
Liangqin YI , Jingyi YANG , Yan ZHAO , Xi ZHANG , Yiting HE , Xiaoyin TIAN , Guangli ZHANG , Sha LIU , Zhengxiu LUO . Characteristics of lung function in preschool asthmatic children[J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2024 , 42(11) : 927 -934 . DOI: 10.12372/jcp.2024.23e0356
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