Objective To analyze the diagnose and treatment of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) in children. Methods The clinical data from one case of highly suspected DIHS were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results A 22-month-old male child with severe pneumonia, after treated with vancomycin, suffered with high fever and skin rash combined with hepatic lesion and hematological system disorder. After withdrawal of vancomycin and then treatment with the combination of high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin, the clinical symptoms were gradually relieved in 24 hours. The child was improved and discharged on 17th day. Conclusion The child has the characteristics of DIHS which is highly suspected to be caused by vancomycin.