Objective　To better understand pathological types of pediatric interstitial pneumonia and improve clinical diagnosis by analyzing the clinical records and pathological typing of interstitial pneumonia. Methods 70 cases of children diagnosed as interstitial pneumonia by autopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Results The number of males was more than that of females. There was a significant predominance of infants less than 2 years. The clinical features include acute onset, rapid development, short duration and atypical clinical manifestations. Most patients had poor prognosis and curative effect with general therapies. Twelve cases had dubious etiology. Pathologic types of 58 cases with unclear etiology were diffuse alveolar damage type (DAD type, 38/58), desquamative interstitial pneumonia type (DIP type, 5/58), lymphoid interstitial pneumonia type (LIP type, 3/58), DAD type complicating DIP type (6/58), DAD type complicating LIP type (2/58), DAD type complicating respiratory bronchiolotitis-associated interstitial lung disease type (RB-ILD type, 3/58), DIP type complicating LIP type (1/58). Conclusions The confirmed diagnosis rate was relatively low for pediatric interstitial pneumonia. Postmortem examination was helpful for diagnosis and improving clinical diagnosis and pathological typing.