The airway remodeling of bronchial asthma is the result of repeated airway inflammation. Its occurrence is a complex process involving many cytokines, inflammatory mediators and associated cellular components, of which leukotrienes are important mediators of inflammation in the airway remodeling. Many factors influence Airway remodeling. In recent years, effects of Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ treg cells) on airway remodeling is growing in importance. Leukotriene receptor antagonist is an effective drug in the treatment of asthma and can suppress airway remodeling. But the exact mechanisms and its impact on the proportion of Th17 cells/CD4+CD25+treg cells is not yet clear. Therefore, the clarification of the changes of Th17 cells/CD4+CD25+treg cells expression in airway remodeling and the specific pathways, biological effects, influence of the proportion of Th17 cells/CD4+CD25+treg cells expression after leukotriene receptor antagonist intervene can provide a new target for prevention and the treatment of asthma in the future.