Objective　To analyze the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) in nodular gastritis in children and to further explore the rational use of antibiotics for drug-resistant H.pylori strains. Methods A total of 473 children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms undergoing gastroscopy from January 2013 to June 2014 in our hospital were enrolled. Two pieces of gastric antral mucosa in children with nodular gastritis were collected for H.pylori rapid urease test and H.pylori culture. The
resistance of H.pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin was detected by agar dilution method and E-test. Results In 473 cases of nodular gastritis, 258 cases were H.pylori culture-positive. The resistance rate of H.pylori isolates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin was 6.2%, 34.9%, 49.2%, 8.9% and 5.0%, respectively. Dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 23.3%. Moreover, 405 cases had a family history of H.pylori infection. Conclusions Nodular gastritis is a special sign of H.pylori infection in children. H.pylori infection has obvious familial
aggregation. The low resistance rate of H.pylori to amoxicillin in children with nodular gastritis indicates that amoxicillin can be used as the main drug for eradication of H.pylori. Meanwhile, clarithromycin should be applied according to the drug sensitive test due to high resistance rate of H.pylori to clarithromycin.