Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common type of seizures in infants, toddler, and preschool children. Inflammatory mediators as triggers of fever are considered to be involved in the occurrence of such seizures. There is evidence that FS is accompanied by inflammation. The potential role of inflammatory mediators in the development of epilepsy after long term FS has not been fully determined. In this article the inflammatory reaction, febrile convulsion, and the occurrence of secondary epilepsy will be reviewed. The progress in research of the interaction among them at home and abroad will be explored.