Objective To investigate the temporal pattern of the occurrence of transient synovitis of hip (TSH) and the correlation between the prevalence and climatic factors in Chongqing, China. Methods A total of 1401 cases of hospitalized children with TSH at Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2008 and 2013 were selected. Related climatic data consisting of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine duration, and precipitation in Chongqing were collected. Chi-square fitting test and multiple linear regression were used to test the temporal pattern of the occurrence of THS and the correlation between meteorological factors and the prevalence of TSH. Results Incidence of TSH was mainly occurred during spring and summer (P = 0.000), with a peak in March and a trough in October. TSH occurrence was negatively correlated with mean humidity per month (r =-0.466, P=0.000), and positively correlated with mean wind velocity and sum of sunshine per month (P =0.000, P =0.006, P =0.007). Stepwise regression analysis showed that only mean humidity per month fitted into a linear model (R2=0.229, P =0.000). Conclusions From 2008 to 2012, the prevalence of TSH in Chongqing showed seasonal and monthly periodicity. And the occurrence of TSH is correlated with climatic factors, particularly humidity.