Objective　To explore the clinical features and gene diagnosis of the distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). Methods　The clinical data and gene detection results of one child with dRTA were retrospectively analyzed. The related literatures were reviewed. Results　Four-month-old female was admitted with frequent vomiting and hearing impairment. The laboratory examination showed refractory hypokalemia and it was difficult to correct metabolic acidosis. Gene detection found a new mutation on ATP6V1B1 gene. The diagnosis of dRTA was confirmed. Conclusions　dRTA is a rare disease, ATP6V1B1 gene is the causative gene of the dRTA with sensorineural deafness.