Journal of Clinical Pediatrics

Advances of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in children

LIU Haifeng,CHENG Weiwei

. 2014, 32(4): 301-303.

Abstract ( 233 )

PDF (616KB) ( 375 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Colorectal polyps are common digestive system diseases in children. The important role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in children has been recognized. With the continuous development of endoscopic techniques, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyp has become safer, more convenient and more effective. In this review, the progress in endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps in children has been summarized.

Clinical follow-up study of jaundice type of human cytomegalovirus hepatitis in infants

LIU Ruihai,QU Xianfeng,FENG Xiangchun,LI Jing,XU Yingjun,QU Niyan

. 2014, 32(4): 304-308.

Abstract ( 340 )

PDF (786KB) ( 524 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To explore the recovery time of hepatic function in infants with jaundice type of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) hepatitis and its influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 73 infants with jaundice type of HCMV hepatitis admitted to hospital from February 2005 to October 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects on hepatic function of nine factors including age, sex, liver size, total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and the loads of HCMV DNA were assessed by Kaplan Meier method, and further analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The results of Cox proportional hazards regression showed that age ≤ 3 month (RR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.10-0.70), DBil ≤ 90 μmol/L (RR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.08-0.32), male (RR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.26-0.94) and enlarged liver size < 3 cm (RR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.27-0.93) were independent factors that shorten the time for TBil back to be normal. Furthermore, AST ≤ 120 U/L (RR=0.16, 95%CI: 0.08-0.33) and enlarged liver size < 3 cm (RR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.15-0.49) were independent factors that shorten the time for AST back to be normal. The time for TBil back to be normal was (2.23±1.54) months, which was significantly shorter than that [(3.63±1.93) months] of AST (t=10.37, P<0.001). Conclusions Jaundice type HCMV hepatitis had good outcome and varied in disease course. The recovery of hepatic function was significantly adversely affected by the degree of cholestasis and hepatomegaly as well as AST level, and early treatment was conducive to the recovery.

Effect of lactoferrin supplementation combined with standard therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection in children　WANG Yanli¹, LI Chunli², ZHUANG Tanyue², CHENG Yanbo¹ (1. Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, henan, China; 2. Department of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China)

. 2014, 32(4): 309-311.

Abstract ( 303 )

PDF (666KB) ( 359 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To observe the effect of lactoferrin supplementation combined with standard triple therapy on eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and its adverse reaction in children. Methods A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with H.pylori infection from January 2012 to January 2013 and had never received eradicative treatment were randomly divided into two groups. Forty-five children in control group received the standard triple therapy and another 45 children in observation group received lactoferrin supplementation combined with standard triple therapy. Adverse reaction during the treatment was recorded and eradication rate of H.pylori at 4 weeks after treatment was observed. Results The eradication rate of H.pylori in observation group (91.11%, 41/45) was higher than that in control group (73.33%, 33/45) and the adverse reaction rate in observation group (4.44%, 2/45) was lower than that in control group (20.00%, 9/45).The differences were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Lactoferrin supplementation combined with standard triple therapy can increase H.pylori eradication rate and reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction.

Molecular diagnosis of SLC25A13 gene mutation in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency　YUE Xin¹, XIONG Xiaoli², ZHAO Peiwei¹, ZHOU Shiqiong³, YAN Suqi², MEI Hong³, HE Xuelian¹ (1.Clinical Research Center, 2.Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan 430016, Hubei, China)

. 2014, 32(4): 312-315.

Abstract ( 334 )

PDF (681KB) ( 380 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To investigate SLC25A13 gene mutation in neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD). Method A total of 17 children with NICCD were collected. PCR-RFLP method was used to analyze the most common eight mutations of SLC25A13 gene in Chinese populations and results were analyzed together with routine laboratory examinations. Results In the 17 NICCD patients, there were six cases of homozygous mutation, three cases of compound heterozygous mutation and eight cases of single heterozygous mutation in SLC25A13 gene. Three kinds of mutations detected were 851del4 (73.1%), 1638ins23 (11.5%) and IVS6+5G>A (15.4%). The seventeen cases showed classical NICCD symptoms of low birth weight, pathological jaundice. And laboratory data suggested liver dysfunction, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperbileacidemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia, coagulation disorders, hyperlactacidemia and hyperammonemia. Conclusions 851del4, 1638ins23 and IVS6+5G>A are hot spots of SLC25A13 gene mutation in Chinese populations. PCR-RFLP is a rapid, convenient and reliable technology for NICCD molecular diagnosis.

Nutritional therapy for an infant with jejuno-colostomy　

WANG Weiping,TANG Qingya

. 2014, 32(4): 316-318.

Abstract ( 212 )

PDF (618KB) ( 398 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional therapy for an infant with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who had jejuno-colostomy. Methods An individualized nutritional support before and after the closure of jejunum colostomy was provided to a 3-month-old girl with SBS who had jejuno-colostomy so as to find out its influence on prognosis. Results Parenteral nutrition is a life-saving therapy for infants with SBS. The proper enteral nutrition can improve intestinal tolerance and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and improve outcomes of SBS infants. Conclusions Appropriate nutrition therapy is important to reduce the complications and improve the prognosis of SBS infants.

Changes of endogenous vascular elastase in Kawasaki diseases and its role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions　

LIU Yiling,WANG Xianmin,LI Yan,GUO Yonghong,YANG Yanfeng,SHI Kun,CHEN Tingting

. 2014, 32(4): 319-322.

Abstract ( 250 )

PDF (719KB) ( 514 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective　To explore the potential role of endogenous vascular elastase (EVE) in pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions (CAL) in Kawasaki diseases (KD). Methods A total of 60 children with KD admitted from Jan. 2012 to Apr. 2013 were enrolled, and at the same time 60 febrile children with respiratory infection were enrolled as controls. The left and right coronary artery diameter value was measured by ultrasonic cardiogram. The levels of EVE, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and transforming growth factor (TGF) -β1were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their correlations with coronary artery diameter were analyzed. Results The levels of EVE, MMP-9 and TGF-β1 in KD children in the acute phase were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the level of EVE in KD children with coronary artery lesion (CAL) is significantly higher than that in KD children without CAL. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the levels of EVE, MMP-9 and TGF-β1 were positively correlated with coronary artery diameters (r=0.64~0.79, P<0.01). Conclusions EVE plays an important role in the CAL of KD may through inducing the produce of MMP-9, TGF-β1 and finally causing the formation of CAL.

Dopamine transporter brain imaging in children with autism

HUO Jian,SU Xingli,WANG Shuang

. 2014, 32(4): 323-325.

Abstract ( 242 )

PDF (804KB) ( 351 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective　To study the distribution of brain dopamine transporter (DAT) in children with autism by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods Brain SPECT imaging was performed in 10 autistic children and 10 normal children, and DAT distribution in different functional areas of brain were calculated and compared by semi-quantitative evaluation of tracer uptake. Results There were no differences in tracer uptake between left and right striatum either in autistic children or in normal children (P=0.556, 0.563), while the tracer uptake level in autistic children was significantly higher than that in normal children (P=0.018). Conclusions The striatum dopaminergic neurons are hyperactive in children with autism. SPECT is helpful for the diagnosis of autism.

Research on developmental characteristics of autistic children with different functional levels　

CHEN Qiang,PENG Yanghua,XU Wenjuan,ZENG Caixia,JIANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Xiang,CHEN Hong

. 2014, 32(4): 326-329.

Abstract ( 227 )

PDF (633KB) ( 447 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To explore the developmental characteristics of different functional levels of autism and the diffe-rence in children. Methods A total of 159 autistic children aged 13-71 months including 85 high-functioning autistic (HFA) children and 74 low-functioning autistic (LFA) children were evaluated for their developmental characteristics by the development scales from the psycho-educational profile-revised (PEP-R). Results Within the same age group, both HFA and LFA children had obvious unbalance in individual ability development (H=41.68~113.51, P<0.01). Impaired cognitive performance is most common in HFA children. The development of cognitive performance was inconsistent with cognitive expression while the gross motor development was normal. The ability development in LFA children were all impaired, especially in imitation, cognitive performance and cognitive expression. With increasing age, the scores of imitation, perception, cognitive performance, cognitive expression and overall development quotient were increased gradually in HFA children (P<0.05) while the scores of cognitive performance and overall development quotient were decreased in LFA children. Conclusions Autistic children tend to have abnormal developmental progress and order, and individual ability development varies by functional level in autistic children with increasing age.

Relationship of antenatal antibiotic exposure with early-onset or late-onset sepsis in preterm infants

ZHU Meiying

. 2014, 32(4): 330-335.

Abstract ( 291 )

PDF (754KB) ( 503 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To investigate the incidence and pathogen distribution of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and later-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants exposed to antenatal antibiotics. Methods The singleton preterm infants with gestational age ≤ 33 weeks who were admitted to our hospital within 24 hours after birth and had stayed for more than 24 hours were selected from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2012. According to the exposure time of antenatal antibiotics, infants were divided into antibiotics group (≥4 hours) and control group (<4 hours). The proportion of EOS and LOS and pathogen distribution were compared between two groups. Results A total of 629 preterm infants, 232 in antibiotics group and 397 in control group, were selected. Compared with control group, the birth weight, percentages of clinical chorioamnionitis, prenatal hormone exposure > 24 h and EOS were significantly higher while percentages of asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were significantly lower in antibio-tics group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the occurrence of LOS between two groups (P>0.05). In 29 cases of EOS, 5 cases (17.2%) were complicated by suppurative meningitis. There were 16 cases of EOS in antibiotics group. Positive blood culture was found in 11 cases (68.8%) including 6 Gram-positive (G⁺) and 5 Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria. There were 13 cases of EOS in control group. Positive blood culture was found in 5 cases (38.5%) including 4 Gram-negative (G^-) and 1 Gram-positive (G⁺) bacteria. Non-resistant bacteria were dominant in two groups and there was no difference in positive rate of blood culture and proportion of G⁺ bacteria between two groups (P>0.05). In 75 cases of LOS, 5 cases (6.7%) were complicated by suppurative meningitis. There was no difference in incidence of meningitis between EOS and LOS cases (P>0.05). There were 29 cases of LOS in antibiotics group. Positive blood culture was found in 17 cases (58.6%) including 6 Gram-positive (G⁺) and 9 Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria and 2 fungi. There were 46 cases of LOS in control group. Positive blood culture was found in 23 cases (50.0%) including 14 Gram-positive (G⁺) and 8 Gram-negative (G^-) bacteria and 1 fungus. Drug-resistant bacteria were dominant in two groups and there was no difference in positive rate of blood culture and proportion of G⁺ bacteria between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Antenatal antibiotics exposure was not effective to either reduce the occurrence of EOS and LOS or change the distribution of pathogens in EOS and LOS in preterm infants.

Changes of IL-6 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with refractory pneumonia and its significance

LIANG Kun,ZHANG Huiyu,TIAN Ling,WU Xiaolei,HUANG Guangju,YANG Xiaoying

. 2014, 32(4): 336-338.

Abstract ( 289 )

PDF (692KB) ( 278 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the cytokines levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with refractory pneumonia and its significance. Methods A total of 97 children with refractory pneumonia were selected and then were divided into Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection group (53 cases) and non-MP infection group (44 cases) according to MP infection status. Meanwhile, 30 children with bronchial foreign body at our clinic were chosen as controls. ABC-double antibody sandwich ELISA method was used to detect interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels in BALF. Results The IL-6 and IL-10 levels in BALF of children with refractory pneumonia were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the IL-6 and IL-10 levels in BALF in MP infection group were significantly higher than those in non-MP infection group (P<0.05). Conclusions The cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 play some role in immune dysfunction induced by refractory pneumonia, especially caused by MP infection.#br#Key words: refractory pneumonia; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; interleukin-6; interleukin-10; child

Association of respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus infection with wheezing diseases in children under 5 years old

CHENG Yuan,CHEN Dehui,HUANG Xianghui,CAI Yong

. 2014, 32(4): 339-342.

Abstract ( 257 )

PDF (710KB) ( 308 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To analyze the association of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (hBoV) infection with wheezing diseases in children under 5 years old. Methods The virus detection results and clinical data of 627 children under 5 years old due to wheezing from January 2010 to January 2013 were retrospectively analyzed whose initial throat swab PCR assay was positive for virus. Results Of 286 specimens, 173 (27.59%) were positive for RSV, 70 (11.16%) and 43 (6.86%) were positive for hMPV and hBoV, respectively. Our data showed RSV was prevalent mainly during spring and winter, while hMPV and hBoV mainly in spring and in summer, respectively. The virus distribution was significantly different by age, clinical diagnosis and wheezing severity, respectively (P<0.001). The positive rate of RSV was highest in children less than 6 months old, with bronchiolitis or moderate wheezing. Infection of hMPV was common in children aged 1-3 years old, with asthematoid bronchopneumonia or mild-to-moderate wheezing. The detection rate of hBoV had no relationship with age, clinical diagnosis and wheezing severity. Conclusions RSV is the most common virus which induces early infant wheezing and capillary bronchitis. hMPV and hBoV are common viruses for inducing childhood wheezing.

Changes of iron overload in children with severe beta-thalassaemia pre- and post-splenectomy　

JIN Ling,LONG Xingjiang,YUAN Dahua,YANG Tong,HUANG Xianwen

. 2014, 32(4): 343-345.

Abstract ( 285 )

PDF (638KB) ( 390 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To explore the changes of iron overload in children with severe β-thalassemia pre- and post-splenectomy. Method The annual amount of blood transfused and serum ferritin (SF) levels of 18 children with severe β-thalassemia before and after splenectomy from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Result The annual amount of blood transfused in children with severe β-thalassemia at one year and two years after splenectomy were (101.94±30.73) ml/kg and (96.50±34.00) ml/kg respectively, significantly lower than the amount of two years before splenectomy (241.89±73.66) ml/kg and one year before splenectomy (289.22±102.30) ml/kg (P<0.05). The SF levels at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after splenectomy were (2 410.00±731.77) μg/L, (2 742.78±813.74) μg/L, (2 870.56±740.94) μg/L and (2 886.67±795.34) μg/L, significantly lower than that (4 975.00±1 245.85) μg/L of before splenectomy (P<0.05). Conclusions The serum ferritin level after splenectomy significantly decreases compared with that of before splenectomy, but still remarkably higher than that of normal controls. Monitoring of serum ferritin level and iron-chelating therapy are needed.

Hybrid stage Ⅰ palliation in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a case report

　LIU Tingliang,GAO Wei,YU Zhiqing,LIU Jinfen,LU Yanan

. 2014, 32(4): 346-348.

Abstract ( 213 )

PDF (612KB) ( 321 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the effect of hybrid approach on the initial management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Methods The clinical data of a child with HLHS treated with hybrid approach as an alternative to stage I Norwood procedure were retrospectively analyzed. Results Stenting of the ductus arteriosus and bilateral pulmonary artery banding were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. The total operation time was 105 minutes. The child was discharged from hospital 11 days after operation and remained stable at a 3-month follow-up. Conclusions The hybrid approach may have similar therapeutic effect with stage I Norwood procedure, meanwhile have an effect in avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass, reducing initial mortality and shortening hospital stays.

Clinical analysis of 32 children with high altitude heart disease in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

YANG Xiaodong,XU Aili,CIREN Bamu

. 2014, 32(4): 349-351.

Abstract ( 201 )

PDF (629KB) ( 306 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristic and therapeutic experience of high altitude heart disease in children. Methods The clinical data of 32 children with high altitude heart disease were retrospectively analyzed who lived in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (3000 meters above the sea level). Results Among 32 children, 18 were males and 14 were females. All children were less than 3 years old except one. Thirty children were complicated by respiratory tract infection, 2 by diarrhea and 15 by heart failure. Conventional treatments of continuous low flow oxygen, anti-pulmonary hypertension, anti-infection and supportive therapy were generally performed. If children were complicated by heart failure, cardiotonic and diuretic therapy were applied based on conventional treatments. After treatment, 30 children were improved; one child left hospital before the completion of treatment; one died of severe pneumonia with severe heart failure. Conclusions The pediatric high altitude heart disease is one of the most common diseases in high altitude area. Early diagnosis, timely and effective treatment is helpful for reducing the case fatality rate.

Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a child: a case report

　LU Yong,WANG Shushu

. 2014, 32(4): 352-354.

Abstract ( 260 )

PDF (675KB) ( 280 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) meningitis were reviewed. Methods The clinical data of a case of LM meningitis were retrospectively analyzed and a literature review was performed. Results The child initially presenting with fever, headache and vomit was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone and the treatment effect was obvious. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures were LM positive. In 17 related articles, a total of 24 children with LM meningitis were reviewed. Among them, 4 patients died and 10 had hydrocephalus. The treatment with either ampicillin alone or in combination with aminoglycoside was effective. Conclusions LM meningitis was rare in immunocompetent children, but has high rates of mortality and sequelae.

Expression of angiopoietin-1 and lung development in neonatal rat with hyperoxia-induced BPD

WANG Ling,LU Hui,LI Meixue

. 2014, 32(4): 355-359.

Abstract ( 213 )

PDF (723KB) ( 259 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To explore the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and lung development in neonatal rat with hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A total of forty-eight 1- to 3-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into hyperoxia group and control group with 24 rats in each group, fed in high concentration oxygen (≥95%) or in air respectively. At 1^st, 3^rd and 7^th day after high oxygen exposure, the histological changes in lung tissue were observed by HE stai-ning under a light microscope and the expressions of Ang-1 mRNA and its protein in lung tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results With extended exposure to high concentrations of oxygen, rats in hyperoxia group presented such pathologic change of lung tissue dysplasia as alveolar simplification, reduction in alveolar number and arrested pulmonary microvascular development. At 7^th day after high oxygen exposure, Ang-1 mRNA and protein expressions in hyperoxia group were (0.33±0.18) and (0.20±0.07), significantly lower than those [(0.83±0.46) and (0.57±0.44)] in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Ang-1 plays an important regulatory role in the pulmonary vascular development and participates in the pathogenesis of BPD.

The role of IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis in viral myocarditis in mice

CAI Zemin,LUO Yongjiao

. 2014, 32(4): 360-363.

Abstract ( 267 )

PDF (758KB) ( 242 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To observe the dynamic changes of interleukin-23 (IL-23)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) inflammatory axis expression in the myocardium of mice with viral myocarditis (VM) and further to explore its significance. Methods A total of 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into VMC group (n=50) and control group (n=10). Mice in VMC group were intraperitoneally inoculated with 0.1ml Eagle's solution containing coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish VM model and 10 mice were sacrificed each time at days 7, 14 and 28 after inoculation. Mice in control group were treated with 0.1ml Eagle's solution without CVB3 and all the 30 mice were killed on day 28 after inoculation. Myocardial histopathologic changes were detected with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and myocardial histopathological scores were calculated. The expression levels of myocardial IL-23/IL-17 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Serum IL-23 and IL-17 concentrations were examined using ELISA. Also, the relationship between serum IL-23 and IL-17 concentrations and myocardial histopathological scores was analyzed in VMC group. Results At days 7, 14 and 28 after inoculation, the myocardial histopathological scores, mRNA and protein expressions of myocardial IL-23/IL-17 and serum IL-23 and IL-17 concentrations were significantly higher in VMC group than those in control group (P<0.01). Each of the above indicators reached its highest level on 7^th day after inoculation (P<0.01) and then gradually decreased. There were significant differences among different time points (P<0.05). Serum IL-23 and IL-17 concentrations showed significantly positive correlation with the myocardial histopathologic scores in VMC group, respectively (r=0.73 and 0.76, P<0.05). Conclusions IL-23/ IL-17 inflammatory axis may play an important role in the process of VMC and is closely associated with the severity of VMC.

The influence of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the neonatal mice of different ages　

QIAO Lili,HU Zhengyun,SHEN Jianwei

. 2014, 32(4): 364-367.

Abstract ( 345 )

PDF (720KB) ( 266 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objectives　To study the influence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) on the neonatal mice of different ages. Methods A total of 60 neonatal mice including postnatal day 1(PND1) and postnatal day 3(PND3) were divided into SE group, normal saline (NS) group and control group, with 20 mice each. Mice in SE group were intravenously injected with 50 μl SE (108/ml). Mice in NS group were given 50 μl NS and mice in control group was not intervened. On postnatal day 14, the brain, liver and spleen obtained from mice were weighted. Serial sections of paraffin-embedded brain tissue were used for the detection of microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) by immumohistochemical staining, and then the areas and volumes of grey and white matter were calculated. Result The mortality of PND1 mice in SE and NS group was 60.0% and 40.0%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). The mortality of PND3 mice in SE and NS group was 10.0% and 0.0%, respectively, and there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). There were no differences in body weight, body weight gain, spleen and liver weights and organ coefficient between PND1 and PND3 mice (P>0.05). In PND1 mice, the areas and volumes of grey and white matter were significantly smaller in SE group than those in NS group (P<0.05). However, in PND3 mice, there was no differences in areas and volumes of grey and white matter between SE and NS group (P>0.05). Conclusions SE infection can result in brain injury in PND1 mice, but has no effect on brain tissues of PND3 mice.

The expression of glutamate receptor in hippocampus of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage

TANG Xiaojuan,SUN Bin,WANG Ying,DING Xin,YU Lun,XU Lixiao,FENG Xing

. 2014, 32(4): 368-371.

Abstract ( 255 )

PDF (1018KB) ( 286 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To study the expression of Ca-A/K channel-related molecules glutamate receptor 2 and 1(GluR2/1) in hippocampus tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Methods A total of 60 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and HIBD group. Hippocampal tissues were obtained at 0 h, 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after HIBD. The expression of GluR2, GluR1 and autophagy marker protein Beclin-1, LC3 were detected by Western blot assay. Results Edema and focal softening and necrosis were observed 6 h after HIBD in the brains of neonatal rats. Compared with Con group, at each time point, the expression levels of GluR2 were lower while the levels of GluR1, Beclin-1 and LC3 were higher significantly in HIBD group (P<0.05). The protein levels of LC3, Beclin-1, GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus tissues of HIBD group were significantly different among different time points after the establishment of HIBD model (F=10.65~701.14, P<0.01). The protein level of GluR2 was decreased from 1 h to 24 h after HIBD and reached the lowest level at 24 h. The levels of GluR1, Beclin-1 and LC3 were increased at 6 h, plateaued at 24 h and remained there until 48 h. The levels of these proteins returned back to the initial level at 72 h. Conclusions Ca-A/K channel-related molecules GluR2 and GluR1 play important roles in the autophagic cell death of hippocampus tissues in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in the course of experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis　

Fu Binsha,LI Ling

. 2014, 32(4): 372-374.

Abstract ( 206 )

PDF (703KB) ( 250 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To investigate the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in rat brain in the course of experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) meningitis. Methods Three-week-old SD rats were divided into Sp meningitis group (n=28), control group (n=16) and sham operation group (n=16). The rats in Sp meningitis group were inoculated with Sp by cisternal puncture and rats in control group were injected with normal saline. Four rats each were individually sacrificed at 24 h, 5, 14 and 21 days after inoculation and the expressions of Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) in the subventricular zone and hippocampus of the rats were dynamically detected by immunohistochemical method. Results Brdu positive cells were observed in the bilateral subventricular zone of the rats in Sp meningitis group, control group and sham operation group at 24h, 5, 14 and 21 days after inoculation. The number of Brdu positive cells in Sp meningitis group was increased initially at 24h after inoculation, reaching a peak at 5^th day and then decreased. There was difference among different time points (P<0.05). At 24h, 5 and 14 days after inoculation, the number of Brdu positive cells was respectively significantly higher in Sp meningitis group than that in control group and sham-operation group (P<0.05). At 21^th day after inoculation, the number of Brdu positive cells in Sp meningitis group was similar with control group (P>0.05), while different from sham operation group (P<0.05). Conclusions Sp meningitis can stimulate the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of rat brain.

Subgroup analysis of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretion of children with acute respiratory infection

JI Jian,SHAO Xuejun,ZHANG Xuelan,JI Zhenghua,XU Jun,WAN Fengguo

. 2014, 32(4): 375-378.

Abstract ( 282 )

PDF (785KB) ( 244 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To explore the epidemiology of different subgroups of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Suzhou. Methods RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions specimens obtained from 42 208 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections from January 2006 to December 2012 were detected using direct immunofluorescence assay. RT-PCR was used to differentiate subgroups A and B of RSV from the positive samples which were randomly selected in the epidemic season of different years. Results RSV infection had a seasonal trend. The peak season of RSV occurred between November and following year’s March and the detection rate of RSV was low between May and September. There was difference in RSV positive rates of peak seasons among different years from 2006 to 2012 (χ²=280.09，P<0.01). In 398 RSV antigen positive samples obtained from peak seasons of different years, 80.15% (319/398) were differentiated as subgroup A and 15.83% (63/398) were subgroup B except 16 samples (4.02%). There was significant difference in distribution of RSV subgroups in peak seasons among different years (P<0.01). Subgroup A of RSV was prevalent in most years. Both subgroup A and B were prevalent in peak season of 2008～2009 with lowest positive rate of RSV. In 2009～2010, subgroup B was prevalent. Conclusions From 2006 to 2012 in Suzhou area, the RSV detection rates in the first four prevalent seasons present an increase trend every other year and then sustain a high prevalence in the following two prevalent seasons. Subgroup A of RSV was the predominant pathogen in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections.

Bioinformatic analysis of the hsa-miR-1908 upstream promoter region

KUANG Qian huining,LI Jingyun,JI Chenbo,GUO Xirong,NI Yuhui,XU Meiyu

. 2014, 32(4): 379-383.

Abstract ( 314 )

PDF (711KB) ( 161 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To predict the functions of hsa-miR-1908 promoter using various bioinformatic tools, and to provide clues for further study on transcriptional regulation mechanism of miR-1908 in human adipocytes. Methods The promoter sequence of miR-1908 was obtained from Ensemble, and then the CpG islands and transcription factor binding sites were predicted by a variety of online bioinformatic tools. Results The length of the miR-1908 promoter sequence was 1 458 bp. The CpG islands, which inhibited the transcription of miR-1908, were located at (438-756) bp, (836-937) bp and (979-1374) bp. Meanwhile, 15 transcription factor binding sites were found in the promoter sequence of miR-1908. Conclusions miRNA upstream promoter related bioinformatics can not only improve the efficiency of microRNA promoter research, but also provide further important information on transcriptional regulation of miR-1908.

FGFR3 gene mutation analysis of achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia families　

LI Lindi,LAN Dan,YANG Hu,XU Tiantian,LI Qiongyan,GAO Zongyan,

. 2014, 32(4): 384-387.

Abstract ( 501 )

PDF (686KB) ( 749 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

　Objective　To screen the sequence of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) genes in children with dyschondroplasia and their family members for searching the mutations. Methods The sequence of exon 10 and exon 13 in mutation hot spot region of FGFR3 gene in seven families was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing technology. Results The c.1138G>A missense mutation in exon 10 was found in 4 probands who were diagnosed as achondroplasia (ACH), while this mutation was absent in their parents. The c.1620C>A missense mutation in exon 13 was found in one girl and her mother who both were diagnosed as hypochondroplasia (HCH) with mild symptoms. Neither mutation mentioned above was found in the other two probands. Conclusions Through detecting the mutation in exon 10, exon 13 of FGFR3 gene, most patients of ACH or HCH can be finally diagnosed. However, it is necessary to perform the mutation screening on the other zones of FGFR3 gene and on other related genes for a few cases.

Research status of genetics and signaling pathways in non-isolated ARM　

Reviewer: SHEN Yujie,Reviser: CHEN Yingwei

. 2014, 32(4): 388-391.

Abstract ( 226 )

PDF (683KB) ( 398 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are the most common congenital gastrointestinal malformation and can be classified into isolated and non-isolated ARM. Studies so far suggest that ARM represents a multifactorial disorder in which genetic alterations plays an important role in the genesis and development. In this review, we examine hereditary factors and the underlying signaling pathways involved in non-isolated ARM to provide a genetic basis for further study.

Progress in treatment of pediatric Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis　

Reviewer:YE Lezhen,ZHOU Jiangjin

. 2014, 32(4): 392-395.

Abstract ( 361 )

PDF (619KB) ( 505 )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most common secondary glomerular disease in children. The clinical manifestations of HSPN vary from microscopic hematuria, microalbuminuria to renal dysfunction even end stage renal disease which is needed to rely on long-term renal replacement therapy, thus affecting the quality of children life seriously. In recent years, the incidence of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura continues to increase, which should be paid more attention. There are many studies about the treatment of HSPN both at home and abroad, yet no certain conclusion is drawn because of the inconsistent results. We advocate stepped therapies, that is, the appropriate regimens are chosen based on the clinical manifestations and renal pathology in children. For severe HSPN, we recommend multi-drug intensive therapy combined with other methods such as plasma exchange to alleviate the symptoms.

Table of Content