Abstract: 　Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are common in premature infants. In recent years, with the improvement of perinatal medical technology, the survival rate of NRDS preterm infants has been improved, but with the application of mechanical ventilation and high concentration oxygen therapy, the incidence of BPD is also increasing. NRDS and BPD share the same genetic factors. SP-B deletion is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of NRDS and BPD. Also, there is a association in pathogenesis mechanism between the two. Thus, standardized prevention and treatment of NRDS can effectively prevent BPD to a certain extent. The aim of the article is to review the latest progress in the prevention and treatment of NRDS and BPD.