Abstract: Objective　To study the intestinal microflora changes in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods　The feces of 64 children with HSP (the experimental group) and 25 healthy children (the control group) were collected. 16S rRNA/DNA fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect bacterial content of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia coli in feces. Results　The amounts of Lactobacillus , and Bifidobacterium in the HSP group were lower than those of the healthy group, and the amounts of E.coli were higher, but the differences were not statistically significant. The amounts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the HSP children with gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, e.g.) were significantly lower than those in HSP children without gastrointestinal symptoms and in the healthy group. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusions　It suggests that intestinal microflora in children with HSP in acute phase may exist disorders, especially in the HSP children with gastrointestinal symptoms.