目的　了解健康儿童和伴有呼吸道感染症状儿童维生素A营养状况，及其与血红蛋白水平的相关性。方 法　纳入2014年12月至2015年8月期间在北京居住半年以上的健康体检儿童，检测血清视黄醇、外周血血红蛋白水平， 分析维生素A营养状况与年龄、呼吸道感染及贫血的关系。结果　共纳入1 742例儿童，男1 056例、女686例，中位年龄3.1 岁（6个月~17岁）；就诊时有呼吸道感染症状儿童202例，无呼吸道感染症状儿童1 540例。受检儿童的血清视黄醇中位水 平0.29 mg/L（0.25~0.33 mg/L），有呼吸道感染症状儿童低于无呼吸道症状儿童，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 亚临床 维生素A缺乏、可疑亚临床缺乏比例分别为5.8%和47.9%；<9岁儿童的亚临床及可疑亚临床缺乏比率均>50%，不同年 龄组的亚临床和可疑亚临床缺乏比例的差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 亚临床维生素A缺乏、可疑亚临床缺乏及正常组 儿童的贫血发生率分别为3.9%、8.7%、10.8%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 血清视黄醇、血红蛋白浓度与年龄均呈正 相关（r=0.179、0.571， P均<0.001）；血清视黄醇与血红蛋白浓度呈正相关（r=0.244， P<0.001）。 结论　呼吸道感染儿童 血清视黄醇水平低于健康儿童，维生素A缺乏与贫血发生相关。

Objectives　To explore the nutritional status of vitamin A in healthy children and children with respiratory infection symptoms, and its correlation with hemoglobin levels. Methods　Health children who lived in Beijing for over half year during December 2014 to August 2015 were included. Serum retinol and peripheral blood hemoglobin were measured. The relationship of vitamin A nutritional status with age, respiratory tract infection and anemia were analyzed. Results　A total of 1742 children (1056 males and 686 females) with a median age of 3.1 years (6 months~17 years) were enrolled. 202 children had respiratory tract infection and 1540 children didn’t have respiratory tract infection when visiting. The median serum retinol level was 0.29 mg/L (0.25~0.33 mg/L) in all children. The level of retinol in children with respiratory tract symptoms was significantly lower than that in children without respiratory symptoms (P<0.001). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency and suspected subclinical deficiency were 5.8% and 47.9% respectively. The prevalence of both the subclinical and suspected subclinical vitamin A deficiency ratios were >50% in children under 9-year-old. The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency and suspected subclinical deficiency among different age groups were statistically different (P<0.001). The incidence of anemia in subclinical vitamin A deficiency, suspected subclinical deficiency children and normal children were 3.9%, 8.7%, and 10.8% respectively, and The differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Serum retinol and hemoglobin concentrations were positively correlated with age (r=0.179 or 0.571, P all < 0.001). Furthermore, serum retinol was positively correlated with the concentration of hemoglobin (r=0.244, P<0.001). Conclusions　Serum retinol level in children with respiratory infection is lower than that in healthy children. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with anemia.