目的　探讨年幼儿童反复喘息发作的转归及不同表型的危险因素。方法　选择2013年10月至2014年5月间 纳入研究的≤5岁反复喘息的年幼儿童，在时隔3年后进行电话随访。调查患儿入组以来的喘息发作情况、鼻炎、湿疹及 父母哮喘史等。根据患儿喘息起始及缓解年龄，将接受调查的患儿分为一过性喘息、持续性喘息和晚发性喘息组，比较三 组患儿出生史、鼻炎、湿疹、父母哮喘史、过敏相关指标、喘息起始年龄等的差异。结果　在入组的100例≤5岁的年幼儿 童中随访到85例，男性66例、女性19例，随访时平均年龄（6.82±1.20）岁。其中14例一过性喘息组患儿的喘息起始年 龄早于54例持续性与17例晚发性喘息组患儿，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 与入组时相比，三组患儿近一年的喘息次数 均显著减少，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 既往鼻炎、近一年伴发鼻炎在三组间的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），持续 性和晚发性喘息组的发生率较高。血清总IgE、吸入性过敏原检测阳性率以及外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）百分比在一过 性喘息、持续性喘息、晚发性喘息患儿中依次升高，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　年幼儿童随着年龄增加，其喘 息发作显著减少，喘息的转归与过敏、鼻炎、起病年龄等显著相关。

　Objective　To explore the outcome of recurrent wheezing and the risk factors of its different phenotypes in young children. Method　The children under 5 years old with recurrent wheezing were included from October 2013 to May 2014, and a telephone follow-up was made after 3 years. The incidence of wheezing, rhinitis, eczema and the history of parents' asthma were investigated since the children were enrolled. According to the age at onset and relief of wheezing, the children investigated were divided into transient wheezing group, persistent wheezing group and late-onset wheezing group. The difference of birth history, rhinitis, eczema, parental asthma history, allergy related index and wheezing onset age among three groups were compared. Results In 100 children, 85 children (66 boys and 19 girls) finished a telephone follow-up and  the average age was (6.82±1.20) years at follow-up. The onset age of transient wheezing group (14 children) was lower than that in persistent wheezing group (54 children) and late-onset wheezing group (17 children), and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). the number of wheezing in three groups was significantly reduced in the past year, as compared with the number when they were enrolled, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The incidence of rhinitis in past year was significantly different among three groups, the incidence being higher in persistent and late-onset wheezing groups being . The total serum IgE, the positive rate of inhaled allergens and the percentage of eosinophils (EOS) in peripheral blood increased across groups  with upward trend in transient, persistent and late-onset wheezing, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion　The frequency of onset of wheezing was significantly reduced over age in young children, and the outcome of the wheezing was significantly related to allergies, rhinitis, and age at onset.