目的　探讨新生儿先天性肺结核的临床与肺部超声特点。方法　回顾分析1例先天性肺结核新生儿的临床 及影像学资料，并复习相关文献。结果　患儿，女，31+2周早产，生后14分钟出现进行性加重的呼吸困难，难以纠正的呼吸 衰竭伴肝脾肿大、心力衰竭，白细胞增多；母亲分娩后3天确诊粟粒性肺结核；痰抗酸染色涂片查见抗酸杆菌++；肺部超 声提示双后肺广泛弱回声实变区，其内可见多处斑块样强回声镶嵌，随呼吸呈闪烁样。结论　根据母亲病史及临床资料可 确诊先天性肺结核，肺部超声可作为诊断参考依据。

Objective　To explore the clinical and pulmonary ultrasonographic characteristics of neonatal congenital pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The clinical and imaging data of a case of neonatal congenital pulmonary tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed and related literature were reviewed. Results　A premature female infant with gestational age of 31+2 weeks suffered from progressive dyspnea, incorrigibility respiratory failure with hepatosplenomegaly, heart failure and leukocytosis 14 minutes after birth. Her mother was diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis 3 days after delivery, and acid-fast bacillus ++ was found by sputum smear acid-fast stain. Pulmonary ultrasonography showed hypo-echo consolidation area in both posterior lungs with multiple hyper-echo patches inside, twinkling with the respiration. Conclusion　Pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed according to the clinical data and the history of the mother. Pulmonary ultrasonography can be used as a diagnostic reference.