目的　评价两种诱导缓解治疗方案（3+7方案和3+10方案）治疗儿童急性髓系白血病（AML）的疗效。方法 回顾分析2010年1月至2015年1月接受化疗的AML患儿100例，按入院时间分别接受3+7方案（AML-06方案， A组）和 3+10方案（改良AML方案， B组），比较两组的疗效及不良反应。结果　A组56例，男31例、女25例，中位年龄8.2岁（全 距1.0~13.0岁），FAB分型，M1型5例、M2型25例、M4型11例、M5型10例、M6型2例、M7型3例； B组44例，男26 例、女18例，中位年龄9.3岁（全距1.4~12.5），FAB分型：M2型17例、M4型14例、M5型9例、M6型2例、M7型2例。 A组首疗诱导完全缓解（CR）率为48.2%低于B组首疗完全缓解率（70.4%），两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。B组 的骨髓抑制期较A组长，诱导化疗后中性粒细胞数、血红蛋白、血小板恢复时间也均较A组长，差异均有统计学意义（P均 <0.05）。A组化疗相关死亡率1.8%， B组为2.3%，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组3年总生存率为75.0%， B组总生存 率为86.4%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　两种治疗方案对AML均有效，3+10方案完全缓解率高，不良反应无明 显增加。

Objective　To compare the efficacy and safety of induction therapy in 3+7 protocol and 3+10 protocol in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods　Two protocols were carried out in our hospital during January 2010 to January 2015, namely 3+7 protocol（AML-06，A group） and 3+10 protocol (modified AML protocol, B group). A total of 56 cases aged from 1 year-old to 13 year-old were enrolled in A group with male to female ratio at 31:25. Five of them were classified as FAB M1, 25 as M2, 11 as M4, 10 as M5, 2 as M6 and 3 as M7. Another 44 cases aged from 1 year to 12 years were enrolled in B group with a male to female ratio at 26:18, and 17 cases were classified as FAB M2, 14 as M4, 9 as M5, 2 as M6, and 2 as M7. Efficacy and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results　The complete remission rate (CR) of B group was 70.4%, while CR in A group was 48.2%. Considering the CR, 3+10 protocol showed higher efficacy than 3+7 protocol (P< 0.05). The major adverse event was bone marrow suppression. Treatment-related mortality (TRD) in A group was 1.8%, which was lower than that in B group (2.3%). The overall survival rate in A group was 75.0%, which was lower than that in B group (86.4%, P< 0.05). Conclusions　The induction therapy of 3+10 protocol and 3+7 protocol showed effectiveness for AML treatment. The 3+10 protocol showed a higher CR than 3+7 protocol with no TRD increase, indicating that the 3+10 protocol should be recommended for AML treatment in children.