目的　比较注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）伴孤独症特征（ATs）儿童和一般ADHD儿童临床特征及执行功能 的差异。方法　2015年12月至2017年1月收集ADHD患儿临床资料，根据其社交反应量表（SRS）得分，选择ADHD伴 ATs（ADHD-ATs组）80例和一般ADHD（ADHD组）95例；比较两组患儿SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表、Conners父母用症状问卷及 执行功能行为评定量表（BRIEF）的评估结果。结果　两组患儿的年龄、性别及智商差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 与 ADHD组比较，ADHD-ATs组SNAP-Ⅳ量表中多动核心症状、Conners问卷中的行为问题更明显，差异均有统计学意 义（P<0.05）。“ 冷”、“ 热”执行功能比较中，相较ADHD组，ADHD-ATs组的BRIEF得分均更高，心理理论（口语）得分 和总分更低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 回归分析显示，“ 冷”、“ 热”执行功能与患儿社交行为问题有显著相关性 [BRIEF行为管理指数：β =－1.17， P<0.01，95%CI：－ 2.00~－0.34；心理理论（口语）：β =0.72， P<0.001，95%CI： 0.51~0.93]。结论　ADHD-ATs患儿较一般ADHD患儿的多动核心症状更为明显，执行功能上受损也更为严重。

Objective　To assess behavior characteristics and social functioning of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-autistic traits (ATs) and ADHD control (without ATs), and to explore the associations between the executive functions and the impairments of behavior. Method　A total of 175 ADHD children diagnosed in the Departmen of Behavior Pediatrics in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xinhua Hospital were selected and divided into ADHD with autism traits (ADHD-ATs) group (n=80) and ADHD without autism traits (ADHD) group (n=95) by the scores of social response scale. All participants completed IQ test and questionnaires such as SNAP-Ⅳ, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.  Results  There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender and IQ (P＞0.05). ADHD-ATs children behaved worse in hyperactivity/impulsive behavior (P＜0.05), worse impaired in theory of mind than ADHD children (P＜0.05). Further regression analysis found that the impact of cold and hot executive functions had a significant relationship with social behavior problems (behavior management index: β =－1.17, P <0.05, 95% CI: －2.00~－0.34; theory of mind (oral): β =0.72, P<0.05, 95% CI:0.51~0.93). Conclusions　Children with ADHD-ATs had more serious symptoms than children with ADHD, and with impaired cold and hot executive functions.
·