恶性肿瘤的发生、发展与DNA异常甲基化导致的表观遗传学改变相关。因此，近些年以地西他滨（DAC）为 代表的去甲基化治疗，逐渐在肿瘤治疗领域中占据一席之地。文章综述DAC在儿童骨髓增生异常综合征、急性髓系白血 病、幼年型粒单核细胞白血病等血液系统恶性疾病中的临床应用情况、安全性及最佳应用方法。

Development of malignant tumors is related to epigenetic changes caused by abnormal methylation of DNA. Therefore, the demethylation treatment represented by decitabine has been gradually playing an important role in the field of tumor therapy in recent years. This article reviews the clinical use of decitabine in myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and other hematological malignancies, and provides evidences for optimal dosage and safety of this drug.