肠道菌群对婴儿免疫系统调节及肠道系统发育有着不可替代的作用。肠道菌群既可调节宿主各项生理功能， 又能影响疾病的发生和发展。婴儿期是肠道菌群形成的关键时期，而婴儿肠道菌群具有动态变化的特点，且易受多种因素 的影响。文章从婴儿肠道菌群的建立、影响因素及其与疾病关系等方面综合论述婴儿肠道菌群研究进展。

　Human gastrointestinal microbiota plays a major role in the regulation of gastrointestinal immune activity and development of intestinal system. Normal intestinal microflora modulated the physiological functions and affected development of diseases. Infancy is a critical period for the establishment of gastrointestinal microbiota. Intestinal flora in early infancy is dynamic and fragile, and is liable to be influenced by many factors. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the influencing factors of infant intestinal microbiota establishment and its relationship with metabolic diseases.