全球儿童肺炎链球菌的感染率及感染相关病死率高，早产儿发生肺炎链球菌感染风险更大。由于早产儿免疫 力低下，肺炎链球菌疫苗免疫接种效果不确定，疫苗接种常延迟，且早产儿接种疫苗后发生呼吸暂停、心动过缓等疫苗相 关不良反应风险大。文章综述早产儿接种肺炎链球菌疫苗的免疫效果、时机及安全性。

　The infection rate and the infection related fatality rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children are high globally, especially in preterm infants. Because of the low immunity in preterm infants, the effectiveness of vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is uncertain, and thus the vaccination is often delayed. Furthermore the risk of vaccine related adverse reactions such as apnea and bradycardia in preterm infants is high. The immunological effect, timing and safety of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine in premature infants were reviewed.