极早发炎症性肠病（veo-IBD）是指在6岁以前发病并诊断的IBD。IBD是一种由肠道内共生菌和病原等致病 因素，在环境因素的刺激下，引起的自身免疫失调而导致的肠上皮细胞失控的炎症性反应。近年来，veo-IBD的发病率和 患病率不断上升，与较晚发IBD相比，诊断为溃疡性结肠炎更常见，其疾病程度更严重、病程更长。veo-IBD除发病早、反 复腹痛、腹泻、黏液血便、生长发育迟滞及严重的肛周疾病外，不同的致病基因可造成不同的临床表现。文章综述近年来 veo-IBD流行趋势，主要发病机制及临床表现、诊断和治疗。

Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (veo-IBD) is an IBD that is developed and diagnosed before the age of 6 years. IBD is an inflammatory reaction of uncontrollable intestinal epithelial cells caused by autoimmune disorder which is resulted from pathogenic factors such as intestinal commensal bacteria and pathogens stimulated by environmental factors. In recent years, the incidence and the prevalence of veo-IBD have continued to rise, and the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis is more common and it is more serious condition and has longer course of the disease compared to older-onset IBD. For veo-IBD, in addition to early onset, recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucous bloody stool, growth retardation and severe perianal diseases, different pathogenic genes can cause different clinical manifestations. The article reviews the trend of veo-IBD in recent years, the main pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment in veo-IBD.