目的 探讨泌尿道大肠杆菌与肠球菌感染患儿的临床特点。方法 回顾分析2013—2014年间收治的117例 尿培养阳性的泌尿道感染患儿的临床资料。结果 117例尿培养阳性患儿中大肠杆菌感染55例（47.00%）、肠球菌28例 （23.93%）。大肠杆菌组患儿中有明显临床表现37例（67.27%），高于肠球菌组（12例，42.86%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 肠球菌组尿白细胞计数增高持续天数长于大肠杆菌组，住院天数长于大肠杆菌组，尿培养耐药率以及合并泌尿道畸形的 比例均高于大肠杆菌组，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。 结论　大肠杆菌是儿童泌尿道感染最常见致病菌，其次为肠 球菌；肠球菌感染易出现在合并畸形的患儿中，临床症状不典型且易出现耐药。

　Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus infection in urinary tract in children. Method 　The clinical data of 117 cases of urinary tract infection with positive urine culture between 2013 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Among 117 children with positive urine culture, there were 55 (47%) cases of Escherichia coli and 28 (23.93%) cases of Enterococcus. The percentage of children having significant clinical manifestations in Escherichia coli group was significantly higher than that in Enterococcus group (67.27% vs 42.86%, P<0.05). Compared with Escherichia coli group, Enterococcus group had longer duration of increased urinary leucocyte count, longer hospital stay, higher drug resistance rate of urine culture and higher proportion of urinary tract malformation, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion　Escherichia coli are the most common pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection in children, followed by Enterococcus. Enterococcus infection is seen more in children with malformation, its clinical symptoms are atypical and it is prone to drug resistance.