目的　描述上海市0~3岁婴幼儿屏幕暴露的时间和特征，分析屏幕暴露对婴幼儿语言发育的影响。方法　 2014年5月至9月，采用分层定额整群随机抽样方法在上海市随机选择34个街镇 ，纳入8 500户0~3岁健康婴幼儿家庭进 行自编问卷的调查研究。结果　1岁幼儿的语言发育迟缓总发生率为36.6%， 2岁为15.2%；男孩发生率均高于女孩，但 差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。0~3岁婴幼儿随年龄增加，屏幕暴露的时间逐渐延长；按性别分层，男孩和女孩屏幕暴露时 间分别与表达性语言发育呈负相关（P<0.05）；按年龄分层，<18月龄婴幼儿随着屏幕暴露时间增加，表达性语言指标越差， 屏幕暴露时间与表达性语言发育呈负相关（P<0.05）；≥18月龄幼儿只有当屏幕暴露时间超过2小时，随着屏幕时间增加， 表达性语言发育越差，呈负相关（P<0.05）。 结论　屏幕暴露影响婴幼儿表达性语言的发育，特别是<18月龄婴幼儿应避 免任何屏幕接触。

　Objective To investigate the screen media use time in children under 3 years old in Shanghai， and to examin the association and the dose-effect relationship between screen exposure and language development. Methods　We performed a cross-sectional population-based study, children and their caregivers from 8500 families in Shanghai were recruited. Every family was asked to complete a specially-designed questionnaires covering demographic information, family socioeconomic status, and children’s language development milestones. Results　The prevalence of language developmental delay in one year and two years old children is 36.6% and 15.2% respectively. And it is higher in boys than girls, showing consistency with a previous study. Duration of screen media exposure was extending with age in children under three years old. Stratified analysis by the gender showed a negative correlation between the duration of screen exposure and expressive language development in both genders (P<0.05). Stratified analysis by age showed that when the children were under 18 months, the more hours spending with the screen media, the poorer ability of expressive language (P<0.05). Whereas, for the children older than 18 months, the effect only occurred when the duration of screen media exposure is more than one to two hours per day. Conclusions　Our findings showed the deleterious impact of screen media in infant’s expressive language development. Screen media shouldn’t be used by children under 18 months. Guidance and alternatives to screen media use should be available to families in pediatric practices.