目的　探讨儿童铜绿假单胞菌（PA）血流感染的临床特点及耐药情况。方法　回顾分析2013年1月至2017年 11月因PA血流感染而住院患儿的临床资料。结果　54例PA血流感染患儿中，新生儿败血症2例、脓毒症51例、菌血症1例； 有基础疾病34例，既往体健20例。54例患儿起病均有发热，以精神反应差、腹泻及皮肤损害起病为主，且上述症状比例在 既往体健组中均高于有基础疾病组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。54例患儿中44例（81.48%）存在其他系统受累，最易 受累的是呼吸系统，其次为电解质紊乱、血液系统、多器官衰竭；既往体健组出现呼吸、血液、神经、循环、消化系统受累， 皮肤损害，多器官衰竭及电解质紊乱的概率均高于有基础疾病组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 既往体健组白蛋白降低 者更多， C反应蛋白和降钙素原水平更高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 不恰当使用抗生素的23例患儿中，耐药性最高 的为氨曲南，其次为头孢他啶、哌拉西林。23例预后不良。结论　儿童PA血流感染易发生多器官损害，不恰当抗生素使用 率高，预后不良。

Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bloodstream infections in children. Methods　The clinical data from 54 hospitalized children of PA bloodstream infections were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Of them, 2 cases were septicemia, 51 cases were sepsis, 1 case was bacteremia. 34 cases had underlying diseases, and 20 cases occurred in previously healthy children. All the children had a fever. The other main symptoms were poor spirit and reaction, diarrhea and skin damage, and the proportion of the above symptoms was significantly higher in previously healthy group than in underlying disease group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Of the 54 patients, 44 (81.48%) had other system involvement, the most common is vulnerable respiratory system, followed by electrolyte imbalance, hematological system and multiple organ failure. In the previously healthy group, the incidence of respiratory, hematological, nervous, circulatory, digestive system and skin damage, multiple organ failure and electrolyte imbalance were significantly higher than that of the underlying disease group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The albumin in the previously healthy group decreased more, and the median level of CRP and PCT was higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Improper antibiotic treatments were found in 23 cases, the highest resistance was Aztreonam, followed by Ceftazidime, and Piperacillin. Poor prognosis was observed in 23 cases. Conclusions　PA bloodstream infections in children are prone to multiple organ damage, and with high rate of improper use of antibiotics and poor prognosis.