目的　探讨原发性脾脏新型隐球菌感染的临床特征。方法　回顾分析1例原发脾脏新型隐球菌感染患儿的 临床资料，并复习相关文献。结果　患儿，女， 2岁3个月，因持续发热、贫血及嗜酸性粒细胞升高入院，平素健康，无免疫 缺陷。查体心肺未见异常，神经系统未见异常。腹部CT检查发现脾肿大和腹腔内多发肿块。脾手术活检病理证实为脾脏 新型隐球菌感染。结论　脾脏新型隐球菌感染可致持续发热、贫血、嗜酸性粒细胞升高、腹腔多发肿块和脾肿大。

　Objective To explore clinical characteristics of primary Cryptococcus neoformans infection in spleen. Methods The clinical data of a child with primary Cryptococcus splenococcus infection was retrospectively analyzed and the related literature was reviewed. Results　A female, 2 years and 3 months old, was admitted to hospital with persistent fever, anemia and increased eosinophils. Imaging findings revealed splenomegaly, and no history of recurrent infection was found. Physical examination showed no abnormalities in the heart, abdomen and nervous system. Abdominal CT revealed splenomegaly and multiple abdominal masses. Histopathology of spleen biopsy confirmed Cryptococcus neoformans infection in the spleen. Conclusions　Cryptococcus neoformans infection in spleen could lead to persistent fever, anemia, increased eosinophils, multiple abdominal mass and splenomegaly.