幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染是人类最常见的慢性细菌感染，感染了全球超过50％的人口。大部分H. pylori感 染是在儿童期获得，与慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤、胃癌等疾病密切相关。此外， 还可能参与多种胃肠外疾病，如缺铁性贫血、生长发育迟缓、特发性血小板减少性紫癜等。H. pylori感染给儿童健康带来 极大的危害，其致病性的差异主要与其毒力基因型的多态性有关。文章综述H. pylori毒力基因的特征与致病性。

　Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in humans, affecting more than 50% of the world’s population. Most H. pylori infections are acquired in childhood and are closely related to chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. In addition, it may be involved in a variety of extra-gastrointestinal diseases, such as iron deficiency anemia, growth retardation, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, etc. H. pylori infection causes great harm to children's health, and its pathogenicity is mainly related to the polymorphism of its virulence genotype. This article reviews the characteristics and pathogenicity of H. pylori virulence gene.