目的　分析肺炎支原体塑型性支气管炎临床特点。方法　回顾分析5例肺炎支原体塑型性支气管炎患儿的 临床资料。结果　5例患儿，男4例、女1例，均有咳嗽、高热，热程为5~13天；呼吸困难、呼吸衰竭3例；合并中毒性肝炎2 例，中毒性脑病、中毒性心肌炎各1例，髂静脉及股静脉血栓1例。胸部影像学检查5例均有单侧肺不张伴肺实变。病程第 4~10天经支气管镜检查见塑型物堵塞段支气管4例、主支气管1例，确诊为塑型性支气管炎，经2~4次支气管镜术钳取出 塑型物，临床治愈出院。结论　肺炎支原体肺炎伴呼吸困难、单侧肺不张/肺实变，需警惕塑型性支气管炎；支气管镜术对 明确诊断、改善预后有重要作用。

　Objective　To analyze the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae plastic bronchitis. Method　The clinical data of Mycoplasma pneumoniae plastic bronchitis in 5 children were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Five children (4 boys and 1 girl) all had cough and high fever and the fever duration was 5~13 days. Dyspnea and respiratory failure were found in 3 children, toxic hepatitis in 2 children, toxic encephalopathy in 1 child, toxic myocarditis in 1 child, and iliac vein and femoral vein thrombosis in 1 child. Chest imaging examination showed unilateral atelectasis with pulmonary consolidation in 5 children. Plastic bronchitis was confirmed on the 4th to 10th day of the disease course by bronchoscopy. 4 patients had bronchial obstruction and 1 patient had main bronchus obstruction. The plastic body was removed completely by bronchoscopy for 2-4 times. The children were cured clinically and discharged. Conclusion　Plastic bronchitis should be considered in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with dyspnea, unilateral atelectasis/consolidation. Bronchoscopy plays an important role in confirming diagnosis and improving prognosis.