目的　探讨母乳喂养新生儿早期重度高胆红素血症的肠道菌群特征。方法　以2018年1月至6月因早发型 母乳性高胆红素血症入院的母乳喂养新生儿为研究对象，并以母乳喂养健康新生儿为对照组。收集粪便样本，采用16S rDNA测序方法分析比较肠道菌群。结果　6例高胆红素血症及6例健康新生儿的肠道菌群，在多样性水平上的差异无统 计学意义（P>0.05）；在属水平上，高胆红素血症组的大肠杆菌属丰度较对照组高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），LEfSe 分析显示葡萄球菌科、葡萄球菌属、克雷伯菌属、芽孢杆菌目丰度在对照组较高。结论　早期重度高胆红素血症母乳喂养 新生儿与母乳喂养健康新生儿的肠道菌群在属水平上有一定差异，但在多样性上未见明显差异。

Objective　To investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in breast-fed neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia (breast milk jaundice, BMJ). Methods　Six breast-fed children with severe hyperbilirubinemia and six healthy breast-fed children from Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine during January 2018 to June 2018 were enrolled. Stool samples were collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing was used to study the intestinal flora of 6 severe hyperbilirubinemia neonates (BMJ group) and 6 normal breastfeeding newborns (control group). Results　There was no significant difference in the diversity of intestinal flora between BMJ group and control group (P>0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Escherichia was higher in BMJ group than that in control group (P＜0.05); LEfSe analysis showed Staphylococcaceae, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Bacillales were higher in healthy control group. Conclusion　Although there is no significant difference in the diversity index of the intestinal flora between neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice-free breastfeeding infants, some bacteria have significant differences in the structure of the flora.