目的　探讨血浆转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）与骨形成蛋白-7（BMP-7）的水平变化对早产儿支气管肺发育 不良（BPD）的早期预测作用。方法　选择2017年7月—2018年8月新生儿重症监护室收治的84例出生胎龄28~32周、出 生体质量<1 500 g的早产儿，根据BPD诊断标准分为BPD组（n=31）和非BPD组（n=53）。 生后第1、 7、14天分别采集外 周血，通过酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度，并进行比较。结果　经重复测量方差分析发现，两组间血浆 TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）；两组血浆TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度随着时间点变化趋势的差异 也有统计学意义（P<0.001）。BPD组TGF-β1水平在第1天轻度上升，第7天较前下降，第14天明显升高；血浆BMP-7水 平在第1天轻度上升，第7天继续上升，第14天较前下降；BPD组患儿在生后各时间点的TGF-β1和BMP-7浓度均高于 非BPD组。结论　生后早期血浆TGF-β1与BMP-7水平检测有助于早产儿BPD的早期预测。

Objective　To explore the effect of plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in early predictive of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Method A total of 84 premature infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks and birth weight <1500 g admitted to neonatal intensive care unit from July 2017 to August 2018 were selected, and were divided into BPD group (n=31) and non-BPD group (n=53) according to the diagnostic criteria of BPD. Peripheral blood was collected on the 1st, 7th and 14th day after birth. The plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 were measured by ELISA. Results　Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 between the two groups (P<0.001). The changes of plasma TGF-β1 and BMP-7 concentrations over time were also statistically significant between the two groups (P<0.001). The levels of TGF-β1 in BPD group increased slightly on the 1st day, decreased on the 7th day and increased significantly on the 14th day. The levels of plasma BMP-7 increased slightly on the 1st day, continued to rise on the 7th day and decreased on the 14th day. The levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 in BPD group were higher than those in non-BPD group at each postnatal time point. Conclusion Early postnatal plasma levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 are helpful in early prediction of BPD in premature infants.