支气管肺发育不良（BPD）是严重威胁早产儿健康的慢性肺部疾病，其致病机制及风险因素众多，临床缺乏理 想的防治措施。咖啡因是当前临床BPD防治的一线药物，可降低BPD发病率并改善病情严重程度，但咖啡因具体作用机 制并不明确。近期研究发现，咖啡因可抑制多种BPD风险因素并促进肺成熟。文章综述咖啡因预防BPD的相关研究成果。

　Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease and it seriously threatens the health of premature infants. Its pathogenic mechanism and risk factors are numerous. There is lack of ideal prevention and treatment in clinic. Caffeine clinically is the first line of prevention and treatment for BPD and it can reduce the incidence of BPD and improve the severity of the disease. But the specific mechanism of caffeine is not clear. Recent studies have found that caffeine inhibits a variety of BPD risk factors and promotes lung maturation. This article reviews the related research of caffeine in preventing BPD.