抗生素作为治疗感染的首选药物，在新生儿病房中被普遍应用，新生儿时期抗生素的使用在消灭侵袭性感染 的同时改善了无数患儿的临床预后。但近年来，抗生素对肠道菌群建立的影响逐步被认识，由此导致的众多不良后果给临 床诊疗中抗生素的应用决策带来挑战。文章综述新生儿抗生素暴露对肠道菌群及近、远期结局的影响，为抗生素临床运用 提供新思考。

　Antibiotics, as the first choice for treatment of infections, have been widely used in neonatal units. The application of antibiotics during neonatal period eliminated invasive infections, and improved clinical outcomes. Over the past decades, the effects of antibiotics on the establishment of intestinal microbiota have been recognized. The alteration of intestinal microbiota leads to numerous adverse consequences, which brings challenges to clinical decisions on antibiotic use. We reviewed the effects of the exposure of antibiotics on gut microbiota and succeeding outcomes in neonates to provide new considerations for clinical practices.