目的　评价初乳口腔涂抹或滴注预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的有效性和安全性。方法　计算机系统检索 PubMed、Ovid-Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库，收集早产儿初乳口腔涂抹/ 滴注的随机对照试验（RCT），检索时间从建库至2019年1月。 2名研究员独立筛选文献，提取资料并对文献进行质量评价； 采用RevMan5.3软件进行meta分析。结果　共纳入7篇随机对照试验（研究对象368例）。Meta分析结果显示，与对照组相比， 初乳口腔涂抹/滴注早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率（OR=0.85，95%CI：0.40~1.79， P=0.67）、住院时间（WMD=－7.09， 95%CI：－ 16.84~2.67， P=0.15）、病死率（OR=0.64，95%CI：0.20~2.06， P=0.46）的差异均无统计学意义，而达到全肠 道喂养时间（WMD=－1.90，95%CI：－ 2.15~－1.65， P<0.01）、抗生素使用天数（WMD=－2.57，95%CI：－ 4.13~－1.01， P<0.01）的差异有统计学意义。结论　初乳口腔涂抹/滴注不能降低早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率和病死率，不能缩 短早产儿住院天数，但能缩短住院早产儿达到全肠道喂养时间与抗生素使用天数。

Objective　To explore the efficacy and safety of colostrum oral smear or drip in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Methods　Systematic retrieval of PubMed, Ovid-Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang database and VIP database was conducted to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of colostrum oral smear/drip in premature neonates. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Results　Seven RCTs were included (368 subjects) totally. Meta-analysis showed that there were no statistical differences in incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.40~1.79, P=0.67), length of stay (WMD=－7.09, 95% CI:－16.84~2.67, P=0.15), mortality (OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.20~2.06, P=0.46) between colostrum oral smear/drip group and control group, while significant differences were found in the time to reach full enteral feeding (WMD= －1.90, 95% CI: －2.15~1.65, P<0.01) and days of antibiotic use (WMD= －2.57, 95% CI: －4.13~1.01, P<0.01). Conclusions　Oral smear/drip of colostrum could not reduce the incidence and mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants, and could not shorten the hospitalization days of premature infants, but it could shorten the time to reach full enteral feeding and the days of antibiotic use in hospitalized premature infants.