结核病是由结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起的慢性传染病，儿童结核病灶由于MTB含量低，常不能引起典型的临 床症状及影像学表现，同时被誉为“金标准”的MTB检测多以罗氏培养法为基础，检测耗时长，阳性率低，患儿不能得到 及时准确的诊断与治疗。如何快速、准确诊断是当前儿童结核病诊断与治疗中的首要问题。分子诊断技术因其快速、准确、 高效、操作简便等显著优点得到广泛的临床应用和发展。文章综述近年来儿童结核病的分子诊断技术研究的最新进展。

　Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis lesions in children often can not cause typical clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations because of the low content of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. And for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on Roche culture method, as the "gold standard", has long detection time and low positive rate which made it difficult for the sick children to get timely, accurate diagnosis and treatment. The primary problem for tuberculosis in children was lacking of quick and accurate diagnosis and treatment at present. Molecular diagnostic technology has been widely used and developed because of its remarkable advantages, such as rapidity, accuracy, high efficiency, easy operation etc. This article reviews the latest progress in molecular diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis in children in recent years.